LOCATION WUNABUNA INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Wunabuna silt loam, on a linear, nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 773 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine and medium roots throughout; common fine to coarse interstitial and tubular pores throughout; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--7 to 15 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; common fine and medium roots throughout; common fine to coarse interstitial and tubular pores throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
A2--15 to 21 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots throughout; common fine to coarse tubular pores throughout; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 8 to 24 inches.)
Bg--21 to 32 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots throughout; common fine to coarse tubular pores throughout; many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; many fine and medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (5 to 20 inches thick)
2Ab--32 to 38 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots throughout; common coarse tubular pores throughout; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay depletions in root channels and pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 20 inches thick)
3Oa1--38 to 60 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face, black (N 2.5/0) rubbed, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) after exposure to air, muck (sapric material); about 5 percent fiber, 1 percent rubbed; massive; very friable; common coarse interstitial and tubular pores throughout; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
3Oa2--60 to 80 inches; black (10YR 2/1) broken face, black (N 2.5/0) rubbed, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) after exposure to air, muck (sapric material); about 10 percent fiber, 3 percent rubbed; massive; very friable; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; about 1 1/2 miles southwest of Dunlap; 2,481 feet south and 90 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 34, T. 37 N., R. 5 E.; U.S.G.S. Foraker, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 36 minutes 58 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 55 minutes 35 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 589446 easting and 4607717 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to organic materials: 16 to 40 inches
Particle-size control section: averages greater than 35 percent clay
Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4; where values are 2 or 3, dry values are 6 or more, or the subhorizons are less than 10 inches thick or less than one-third the thickness between the top of the epipedon and the bottom of the cambic horizon
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline
2Ab horizon:
Hue: 10YR or N
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 0 to 3
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline
3Oa horizon:
Hue: 10YR or N
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: muck (sapric material)
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Occidental (T) series. Occidental (T) soils do not have organic materials in the lower part of the series control section. Similar series are the Rockmill, Snohomish, and Wallkill soils. Rockmill soils are in the fine-silty family. Snohomish soils have 15 to 60 percent volcanic ash in the overlying alluvium. Wallkill soils are in the fine-loamy family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wunabuna soils formed in mineral slope alluvium overlying herbaceous organic material in potholes and closed depressions on till plains, moraines, and lake plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 53 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 42 inches, frost-free period ranges from 130 to 180 days in the region of occurrence though some areas of the soil are in frost pockets, and elevation ranges from 580 to 1,530 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the very poorly drained Adrian, Edselton, Edwards, Houghton, and Palms soils, and the poorly drained Southwest soils. Adrian, Edselton, Edwards, Houghton, and Palms soils are on similar landforms, but do not have mineral material in the upper part of the series control section. Southwest soils are on slightly higher lying positions on similar landforms and have mineral material throughout the series control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderate in the mineral material and moderately slow to moderately rapid in the underlying organic material. The depth to the top of an apparent seasonal high water table ranges from 2 feet above the surface to 0.5 foot below the surface for some time in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used to grow corn and soybeans. A few areas are used for hay and pasture. Native vegetation is hydrophytic woody and herbaceous vegetation.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 98 and 111 in northern Indiana. The soils are of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elkhart County, Indiana, 1997.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizon and features recognized in this pedon:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to 21 inches (Ap, A1, and A2 horizons)
Thickness of the mineral material and depth to organic material: 38 inches
Cambic horizon: from 21 to 32 inches
Redoximorphic features: from 21 to 38 inches
Drained (IN0622) and undrained (IN0623) phases are recognized.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 155047 represents the typical pedon.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S94IN-039-008) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Transect data for the typical pedon (T94IN-039-116) is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 70 percent Wunabuna soils and 30 percent Wunabuna, thick overwash soils.