LOCATION WOODTELL TX+LA OKEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Woodtell fine sandy loam--pasture.
(Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; few fine distinct strong brown redox concentrations; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; few roots; few wormcasts; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
Bt--6 to 12 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/8) clay; few fine distinct light yellowish brown redox concentrations; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common roots; continuous clay films; few krotovinas filled with material from the A horizon; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Btss1--12 to 29 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; many medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) relic redox depletions; few fine faint yellowish red redox concentrations; weak fine blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common slickensides and pressure faces; patchy clay films; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Btss2--29 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay loam; many medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) relic redox depletions, and few coarse prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) redox concentrations; weak coarse blocky structure; very hard, firm; few thin clay films; common slickensides and pressure faces; few fine white masses of barite; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Btss is 20 to 40 inches thick)
C--45 to 72 inches; stratified layers of light olive gray (5Y 6/2) and gray (10YR 5/1) shale with clay loam texture and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; massive; very hard, firm; few flattened roots between shale fragments; few black specks; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Red River County, Texas; from the intersection of U. S. Highway 82 and Farm Road 909 in Clarksville, 8.4 miles south on Farm Road 909; 1.9 miles east on private road; 50 feet north in a pasture.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 40 to about 60 inches. The weighted average clay content of the control section ranges from 40 to 55 percent. Slickensides and pressure faces range from common to many. They begin at a depth of 10 to 25 inches from the surface. The soil cracks when dry in the upper part of the argillic horizon during the summer months of most years. The cracks are about 1/4 to 1 inch wide and 10 to 20 inches or more deep. Siliceous and ironstone pebbles range from 0 to 3 percent in the solum. Some surface layers contain 15 to 25 percent pebbles by volume. Large stones and boulders are on the surface of some pedons. These fragments are 10 inches to about 15 feet across and are typically 6 inches to about 24 inches thick. They cover about 10 to 40 percent of the surface area. Some pedons have a few very fine or fine masses of barite in the lower part of the argillic horizon or in the upper part of the C horizon.
The A horizon has colors in hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Horizons with value of 3 are less than 7 inches thick. Brownish redox concentrations range from none to few. Texture is fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam or gravelly sandy loam. Reaction is very strongly acid to slightly acid.
Undisturbed areas typically have an E horizon. It has colors with 2 to 3 units of value greater than the A horizon with the same range of texture and reaction. The combined thickness of the A and E horizons is less than 10 inches thick in most of the pedon. However, the thickness ranges to 15 inches in some subsoil troughs.
The Bt and Btss horizons have colors with hue of 10R, 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. Grayish, brownish or reddish redoximorphic features range from none to common in the Bt horizon and from few to many in the Btss horizon. Some Btss subhorizons have a mixed matrix of these colors. Typically grayish colors increase with depth. Grayish colors, or redox depletions, are relic or they are derived from the parent material. The texture is clay loam or clay. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid in the upper part and ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in the lower part.
Some pedons have a BCt horizon. Where present, matrix colors are in shades of gray, brown, red, or yellow. Redoximorphic features with these colors range from few to many and some pedons have a mixed matrix. Texture is sandy clay loam or clay loam. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral.
The CB or C horizon is stratfied or has colors in shades of gray, brown, yellow, or olive, with or without reddish colors. It is thinly bedded or stratified with loamy, clayey and shaly materials. The composite texture is typically clay loam, sandy clay loam or clay, with clay content of 30 to 50 percent. The reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Colbert, Eastwood, Etoile, Kipling, Lorman, Oula, Rayburn, and Wilcox series in the same family and the similar Annona, Axtell, Bryarly, McKamie, Meth, Moswell, Natchitoches, Oktibbeha, Rosenwall, Sacul, and Woodville series. Colbert soils are underlain by limestone bedrock and formed in residuum weathered from argillaceous limestone. Eastwood soils are more acid, receive more rainfall, and have greater woodland productivity potential. Etoile soils are less acid throughout and contain free carbonates in the C horizon. Kipling and Wilcox soils lack an abrupt textural changes between the A and Bt horizon. Lorman soils have a more clayey C horizon. Rayburn soils have a paralithic contact of tuffaceous sandstones and clays. Oula soils have yellower hue in the Bt horizon. Annona, Bryarly and Woodville soils have sola greater than 60 inches, and in addition Bryarly soils lack an abrupt textural change between the A and Bt horizon. Axtell soils are in an ustic moisture regime. McKamie soils do not have gray colors in the Bt horizon and have mixed mineralogy. Meth soils lack vertic properties and have mixed mineralogy. Moswell, Natchitoches, and Oktibbeha soils have very-fine textured control sections. Rosenwall and Sacul soils have base saturation less than 35 percent.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Woodtell soils are on gently sloping stream divides and strongly to moderately steep side slopes of uplands. Slope gradients are mainly 2 to 12 percent but range from 1 to 20 percent. The soils formed in materials weathered from unconsolidated, stratified loamy, clayey, and shaly materials of Eocene age mainly in the Wilcox and Cook Mountian formations. The average annual rainfall ranges from 40 to 46 inches. The mean annual temperature is about 62 to 68 degrees F., and the Thornthwaite P-E index ranges from 64 to 78. Frost free days range from 230 to 270 and elevation ranges from 300 to 650 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the competing Annona, Bryarly and Etoile series, and the Bernaldo, Freestone, LaCerda, Naclina, and Raino series. Annona and Brylarly soils are on slightly higher landscape positions. Bernaldo and Freestone soils are on slightly lower terrace positions and are fine-loamy soils. Etoile, LaCerda, and Naclina soils are in lower positions. In addition, LaCerda and Naclina soils are vertisols. Raino soils are on slightly lower terrace positions on pimple mounds. They have a fine-loamy upper subsoil.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained and very slowly permeable. Runoff is medium on slopes of 1 to 3 percent, high on slopes of 3 to 5 percent, and very high on slopes greater than 5 percent.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for pasture. Native vegetation is mainly postoak, blackjack oak, elm and red oak in a fairly dense savannah. In open areas tall and mid grasses such as bluestems, tridens and panicums are common with longleaf uniola under the tree canopy. American beautyberry and hawthorn species are also a part of the understory. The main pasture plants are bermudagrass and bahiagrasse with crimson and arrowleaf clovers. There are scattered shortleaf and loblolly pine with small plantations and a some dense pine areas on the eastern side of the series province. Some areas are planted to small grain for winter grazing.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Coastal Plain and the Udic claypan of Northeast Texas, possibly Arkansas and Oklahoma. The series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Little Rock, Arkansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Red River County, Texas; 1972.
REMARKS: Woodtell soils were formerly included in the Axtell or Susquehanna series. Base saturation at 45 inches is 56 percent by field kit.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0 to 6 inches
Abrupt textural change - at 6 inches
Argillic horizon - 6 to 45 inches
Vertic properties - Slickensides and COLE greater than 0.09
Additional Data: TAMU Data from Titus County, Texas (S82TX-449-2)