LOCATION WINNECONNE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Winneconne silty clay loam - on a broad valley terrace with a west-facing slope of 3 percent cropped to corn at an elevation of about 775 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--7 to 9 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common worm casts of Ap material; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--9 to 17 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; moderate and strong fine angular blocky structure; firm; comon fine roots; many faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--17 to 22 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate very fine angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine prominent olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 12 to 30 inches.)
C--22 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) clay; massive breaking to moderate medium and thick plates along depositional strata; firm; many medium prominent greenish gray (5G 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; many light reddish brown (5YR 6/3) calcium carbonate accumulations; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Winnebago County, Wisconsin; about 1 1/2 miles southwest of Neenah; 525 feet north and 2,620 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 5, T. 19 N., R. 17 E. USGS Neenah, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 08 minutes 27 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 29 minutes 38 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and depth to carbonates ranges from 18 to 40 inches. Some pedons have a mantle of loess or other silty deposits up to 15 inches thick. The particle-size control section averages 60 to 85 percent clay and less than 10 percent sand. Rock fragments are absent throughout the soil. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the solum and from slightly acid to moderately alkaline in the lower part. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum. Carbonates are in the C horizon and, in many pedons, are in the lower part of the B horizon. Redox accumulations occur within a depth of 40 inches and saturation occurs there for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years. Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less occur below the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon in some pedons.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silty clay loam.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silty clay loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. Texture typically is clay, but subhorizons of silty clay are in some pedons.
The C horizon has color and texture like the Bt horizon. A few thin strata of silt, silt loam, fine sand, or very fine sand are in the C horizon in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Closely related series is the Oshkosh series. Oshkosh soils are Typic Hapludalfs.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Winneconne soils are on lake terraces and glacial lake basins. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. These soils formed in clayey, lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 32 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 48 degrees F. .
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Borth, Kaukauna, Kewaunee, Manawa, Omro, and Poygan soils. The Borth soils occupy the same position on the landscape. The somewhat poorly drained Manawa and poorly drained Poygan soils are in drainageways that separate slightly higher areas of Winneconne. Kaukauna soils occupy similar landscape positions as Winneconne. Kewaunee soils, which have less than 60 percent clay in their control section, are nearby on glacial till uplands. Omro soils are clayey over loamy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to very high. Permeability is very slow. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 1.5 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, oats, and alfalfa. Small areas are used for pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous forest. Common trees are sugar maple, red maple, silver maple, northern red oak, and white ash.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Wisconsin. The Winneconne soils are of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Outagamie County, Wisconsin, 1975.
REMARKS: Winneconne soils were previously classified with the very-fine, mixed, mesic family of Typic Argiudolls, but this was found to be unsatisfactory because the thickness requirements for the mollic epipedon did not occur in a majority of the pedons mapped in the field.
12/04 This revision redefines the Winneconne series as moderately well drained only (Mollic Ozyaquic Hapludalfs). A new series (Mollic Hapludalf) is needed for the well drained areas when those areas are updated.
Lab data is needed (Cole) to determine if this soil is in a Vertic subgroup.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 7 inches (Ap); argillic horizon - 7 to 22 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3); mollic subgroup Ap horizon with color value and chroma, moist, less than 4 and color value, dry, less than 6; oxyaquic feature redox features and saturation within 40 inches for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.