LOCATION WINGATE IL+INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Wingate silt loam - on a slope of 2 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 650 feet. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; many very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches)
E--9 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium platy structure; friable; common very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches)
Bt1--12 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--22 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 10 to 30 inches.)
2Bt3--27 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide coatings on faces of peds; common fine and medium irregular black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules throughout; few fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 2 percent fine gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
2Bt4--36 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules throughout; about 5 percent fine gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 7 to 30 inches.)
2C--52 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules throughout; about 5 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Edgar County, Illinois; about 1/4 miles northeast of Horace; 1,455 feet east and 985 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 25, T. 15 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Paris North topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 43 minutes 23 seconds N., and long. 87 degrees 42 minutes 07 seconds W.; NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 29 to 55 inches. The depth to carbonates ranges from 29 to 65 inches. The depth to horizons with more than 15 percent sand is 20 to 40 inches. Soil development extends into the underlying till. The particle-size control section averages between 24 and 35 percent clay.
The upper part of the series control section (Ap, E) has properties as follows. The Ap horizon hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry), and chroma of 1 to 3. Clay content ranges from 15 to 27 percent. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3. Clay content ranges from 15 to 27 percent. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral. Some pedons do not have an E horizon. Other pedons have an A, BA, or BE horizon.
The second part of the series control section (Bt) has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. It typically is silty clay loam, but some subhorizons in the upper part are silt loam. Redoximorphic features are in the middle or lower part. Clay content ranges from 24 to 35 percent. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
The third part of the series control section (2Bt, 2BC) has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is commonly clay loam, but ranges to loam in the lower part in some pedons. Redoximorphic features are present. Clay content ranges from 20 to 30 percent and sand content ranges from 20 to 50 percent. Volume of coarse fragments ranges from 1 to 7 percent. Reaction is commonly slightly acid or neutral, but ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline. Some pedons have carbonates in the lower part. Some pedons do not have a 2BC horizon.
The lower part of the series control section (2C) has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma commonly of 4 but ranges from 2 to 6. Redoximorphic features are present in some pedons. It is loam and has clay content ranging from 15 to 27 percent and sand content ranging from 25 to 50 percent. Volume of coarse fragments is 1 to 10 percent. Reaction is neutral to moderately alkaline. Most pedons have carbonates. Some pedons have subhorizons in the upper part without carbonates.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Barony, Birkbeck, Campton, Downsouth, Elco, Eleroy, Gallipolis, Grays, Hedrick, Homen, Inton, Iona, Jeneva (T), Kaneville, Libre, Mayville, Middletown, Minnith, Newvienna, Redbud, Richview, Rocheport, Rockfield, Somonauk, Throckmorton, Westgate, Windere, Winfield, and Zurich series. All of these soils except Barony, Downsouth, Grays, Hedrick, Kaneville, Newvienna, Throckmorton, and Richview series lack surface layers that meet the requirement for mollic epipedon except for thickness. Barony and Grays soils have subhorizons that contain more than 50 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Downsouth and Newvienna soils have less than 15 percent sand throughout the series control section. Hedrick and Kaneville soils do not have horizons with more than 15 percent sand within a depth of 40 inches. Richview soils do not have horizons with more than 15 percent sand within 30 inches, lack carbonates within the series control section, and average more than 27 percent clay in the lower part of the control section. Throckmorton soils have subhorizons in the middle part of the control section with more than 50 percent sand.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wingate soils are on Wisconsin-aged till plains. Slopes range from 0 to 10 percent. They formed in 20 to 40 inches of loess or other silty material and the underlying calcareous loamy till. Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 55 degrees F, mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 40 inches, frost-free period ranges from 160 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 600 to 1,020 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Birkbeck, Chalmers, Dana, Drummer, Flanagan, Ragsdale, Raub, Russell, Sidell, Sunbury, Toronto, and Xenia soils. Birkbeck and Xenia soils have a lighter colored surface layer and are on positions similar to Wingate soils but are closer to major streams. The poorly drained Chalmers, Drummer, and Ragsdale soils are in drainageways and broad summits below the Wingate soils. Flanagan, Raub, Sunbury, and Toronto soils are somewhat poorly drained and are on lower parts of summits. Flanagan and Raub soils also have a mollic epipedon. The well drained Russell and Sidell soils are on slightly higher parts of the landform.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. An intermittent apparent seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1.5 to 3.0 feet at some time between February and April in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately slow in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn, soybeans, or small grain. A few small areas are used for hayland or pasture. Native vegetation is mixed prairie grasses and hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Illinois and west-central Indiana. The Wingate series is of moderate extent in MLRA 108 and 111.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Tippecanoe County, Indiana, 1955.
REMARKS: The type location is moved to Edgar County, Illinois with this revision. The type location is more centrally located with regards to the distribution of the Wingate soils and is representative of a mollic intergrade soil formed in loess and the underlying till.
Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 12 inches (Ap and E horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 12 to 52 inches (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Bt4); redoximorphic features consists of iron depletions, iron and manganese nodules, and clay films with chroma of 2 in horizons below a depth of 27 inches; udic moisture regime.