LOCATION WINAMAC INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Winamac fine sandy loam, on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 675 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common fine interstitial and tubular pores; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
A--9 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common fine interstitial and tubular pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 21 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common fine interstitial and tubular pores; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--21 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine and fine roots; common fine interstitial and tubular pores; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--26 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very fine sandy loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; many medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 20 to 40 inches.)
BC--33 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few black (N 2.5/0) iron and manganese oxide nodules; many medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
2BC1--44 to 51 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; common medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
2BC2--51 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; common medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2BC horizon is 0 to 20 inches.)
3C--58 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; massive; friable; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; 7 percent gravel and cobbles.
TYPE LOCATION: Pulaski County, Indiana; about 3 miles south and 2 miles east of Francesville; 694 feet north and 2,180 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 23, T. 29 N., R. 4 W.; U.S.G.S. Monon NE topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 56 minutes 34.97 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 50 minutes 44.88 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 512979 easting and 4532450 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 30 to 50 inches
Depth to carbonates: 40 to 40 inches
Depth to till: 40 to 60 inches
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent in the loamy and sandy outwash
A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3, 4 is allowed in the lower part of the A horizon
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, or sandy loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
EB or BE horizon: (where present)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy fine sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
Bt or BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Redoximorphic features: iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less are not present in the upper subhorizon of the Bt horizon
Texture: sandy loam, sandy clay loam, very fine sandy loam, or fine sandy loam
Clay content: average less than 18 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
2BC or 2C horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sand or sand
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline
3C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam or loam
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Brady, Budd, Dixboro, Poseyville, Wasepi, and Whiskerville series and the similar Bronson series. Brady soils have more than 10 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Bronson soils are have textures with more than 70 percent sand throughout the lower part of the series control section. Budd soils have iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less in the Bt subhorizon just below the A horizon. Dixboro, Poseyville, and Wasepi soils have carbonates within a depth of 40 inches. Whiskerville soils have more than 27 percent clay and less than 2 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Winamac soils formed in loamy and sandy outwash and the underlying till or entirely in loamy and sandy outwash on till plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 42 inches, frost-free period ranges from 130 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 580 to 1,530 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brady, Bronson, Budd, Gilford, and Goodell soils. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Gilford and Goodell soils are in depressions. The moderately well drained Bronson soils are on similar landform positions. The somewhat poorly drained Brady and Budd soils are on lower lying swells on till plains.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or very low. Permeability is moderately rapid in the loamy and sandy outwash and slow in the till. The depth to the top of a seasonal high water table ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 feet below the surface from November to May in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used for growing corn, soybeans, and wheat. Some areas are in grass-legume hay, pasture, or woodland. The native vegetation is deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 98 and 111 in northern Indiana. The soils are of small extent although acreage is expected to increase as more surveys are updated.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Pulaski County, Indiana, 2001.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to 13 inches (Ap and A horizons)
Mollic intergrade: Ap horizon with moist value of 2 (5 dry) and moist and dry chroma of 2 from the surface to 9 inches
Argillic horizon: from 12 to 33 inches (Bt1, Bt2 and Bt3 horizons)
Aquic conditions: redox depletions with chroma of 2 from 21 to 44 inches (Bt2, Bt3, and BC horizons)
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 155008 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 155009 represents the 1 to 5 percent slope phase.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S98IN-131-006) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory in Lincoln, NE. Transect data for the typical pedon (T97IN-131-088) is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 70 percent Winamac, 20 percent Foresman, and 10 percent Darroch soils.