LOCATION WENDANE NVEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Aquandic Halaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Wendane silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A1--0 to 3 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; moderate very thin platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine vesicular and tubular pores; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
A2--3 to 8 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate very thin and thin platy structure; hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and few fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 9 inches thick)
C--8 to 13 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, few fine, and few medium roots; many very fine and few fine tubular pores; strongly effervescent; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.6); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 16 inches thick)
Cqk1--13 to 19 inches; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) paragravelly ashy silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, few fine, and few medium roots; many very fine and few fine tubular pores; 20 percent weakly cemented durinodes 10 to 30 millimeters in diameter; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 30 inches thick)
Cqk2--19 to 27 inches; white (10YR 8/1) paragravelly ashy very fine sandy loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 10 percent weakly cemented durinodes 5 to 20 millimeters in diameter and 20 percent discontinuous weakly silica-cemented strata; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 17 inches thick)
Ck--27 to 40 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and common fine tubular pores; common faint clay films lining pores; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist masses of iron accumulation; slightly effervescent; few fine filaments of secondary carbonates; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 22 inches thick)
Ab--40 to 48 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine, few fine, and few medium tubular pores; common faint clay films lining pores; few snail shells evident; slightly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); clear irregular boundary. (0 to 11 inches thick)
C--48 to 65 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine and few fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films lining pores; 15 percent fine and medium pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4)
TYPE LOCATION: Lander County, Nevada; about 4 miles north of Battle Mountain on the flood plain of the Humboldt River; approximately 2,500 feet north and 1,000 feet east of the southwest corner of section 32, T. 33 N., R. 45 E.; USGS Battle Mountain 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; 40 degrees 41 minutes 27 seconds north latitude and 116 degrees 56 minutes 07 seconds west longitude, NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually moist in the moisture control section in mid-winter, spring, and early summer, dry mid-summer through mid-winter; saturated with an apparent water table within depths of 28 to 40 inches during the spring of most years; Xeric moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature - 47 to 52 degrees F.
Ochric epipedon thickness - 1 to 10 inches.
Depth to horizons with durinodes - 8 to 20 inches.
Depth to redoximorphic concentrations - 8 to 27 inches.
Salinity- These soils are normally strongly saline in the upper profile, and slightly to strongly saline in the lower profile.
Sodicity (SAR) - 13 to 99 in half or more of the upper 20 inches and decreases with depth.
Reaction - Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline.
Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 20 to 30 percent.
Other features - Mineralogy is assumed to be mixed, but has a strong influence from volcanic ash (see Remarks section); Unconformable stratified gravelly sand or very gravelly sand are common in some pedons below 40 inches. Some pedons have Cq horizons that are noneffervescent below 40 inches.
A horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 4, dry or moist.
Sodicity (SAR): 13 to 99.
C and Ckq horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 7 moist.
Chroma: 1 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Stratified very fine sandy loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, and clay loam.
Structure: Thin platy or is massive; prismatic parting to angular blocky in some subhorizons.
Sodicity (SAR): Less than 13.
Other features: Strata high in volcanic glass that are 7 to 10 inches thick are common at some depth between 13 and 36 inches.
Cq and Cqk horizons
Texture: Ashy very fine sandy loam, ashy silt loam, ashy silty clay loam, or ashy clay loam modified by up to 40 percent paragravel as durinodes and silica-cemented nodules.
Structure: Thin platy or is massive; prismatic parting to angular blocky in some subhorizons.
Sodicity (SAR): Less than 13.
Other features: Strata high in volcanic glass that are 7 to 10 inches thick are common at some depth between 13 and 36 inches.
Thickness: 13 to over 30 inches, when combined.
Durinodes and silica cementation: 10 to 40 percent weakly to strongly cemented durinodes in a friable matrix and up to 30 percent discontinuous weakly silica-cemented strata in any one horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: There are currently no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wendane soils are on alluvial flats, stream terraces, and flood plains. These soils formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks, loess, and volcanic ash. Slopes are 0 to 4 percent. Elevations range from 4,000 to 6,400 feet. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 6 to 8 inches, mean annual temperature is 45 to 50 degrees F., and the frost-free period is 100 to 120 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Argenta, Batan, Bubus, Reese, and Sonoma soils. Argenta soils are coarse-loamy. Batan soils are not saturated within 40 inches of the soil surface at some period in the year. Bubus soils are coarse-loamy and do not have endosaturation. Reese soils are fine-loamy. Sonoma soils are poorly drained and do not have horizons with durinodes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained; medium or high surface runoff; moderately slow permeability. Endosaturation is present with an apparent seasonal high water table between 2.3 and 3.3 feet (moderately deep free water occurrence class) between February and July. Cumulative annual duration class is Common. Flooded phases are recognized.
USE AND VEGETATION: Wendane soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. Small areas have been protected by levees and used in urban development. The principal vegetation is mainly black greasewood, rubber rabbitbrush, mustards, inland saltgrass, alkali sacaton, and basin wildrye.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and northern Nevada. These soils are extensive with about 216,000 acres of the series mapped to date. The series concept and main acreage is in MLRA 24, while other acreage occurs in MLRAs 23, 27, and 28B.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Reno, Nevada.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lander County, Nevada (Northern Part), 1974.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 8 inches (A1 and A2 horizons).
Vitrandic intergrade feature - The zone from 13 to 27 inches (Cqk1 and Cqk2 horizons).
Durinodes- The zone from 13 to 27 inches (Cqk1 and Cqk2 horizons).
Endosaturation feature - The condition of ground water with an upper boundary between 28 and 40 inches at certain times during normal years (parts of the Ck horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 10 to 40 inches (Cqk1, Cqk2, and Ck horizons and part of the C horizon).
The revision of February 2007 updated the taxonomic class from Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Duric Halaquepts. The revision of April 2003 updated the taxonomic class from Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Aeric Halaquepts. Future study is needed to determine the typical amount of volcanic glass in this soil and whether a change in the taxonomic class to Ashy, glassy, calcareous, mesic Aquandic Halaquepts represents the central concept as mapped in most of the series extent.
The superactive cation exchange activity class was added in 03/2003 to the taxonomic classification by the National Soil Survey Center on request of the Reno MLRA office, without review of the soil series property data. Property data in NASIS validates the superactive activity class.
ADDITIONAL DATA: A pedon sampled as Wendane about 2 miles southeast of the series type location and in the same map unit has full characterization data by the Soil Survey Laboratory (SSL), Lincoln, NE, as soil survey sample number S83NV-015-003 (pedon # 83P0867). This lab pedon has high content of volcanic glass (ranges from 35 to 90 percent) in all horizons.