LOCATION WAYLAND NY +OH PAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Wayland silt loam, on a 1 percent slope in a pasture of native grasses. (Colors are for moist soil.)
A-- 0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; strong medium and coarse granular structure; friable; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation within old root channels; neutral; clear smooth boundary (4 to 9 inches thick.)
Bg1-- 6 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky; many fine roots in upper part; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bg2-- 12 to 18 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky; many fine roots in upper part; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizon ranges from 12 to 20 inches thick.)
C1-- 18 to 46 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silt loam; massive; friable; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.
C2-- 46 to 72 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) silty clay loam; massive; firm in place, slightly plastic; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Chautauqua County, New York; in the town of Kiantone; 1/4 mile south of the intersection of U.S. Highway 62 and New York State Route 60, 1/4 mile east of U.S. Highway 62. USGS Jamestown, NY topographic quadrangle. Latitude 42 degrees, 03 minutes, 06 seconds N. and Longitude 79 degrees, 11 minutes, 38 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 15 to 30 inches. Thickness of the silty deposits over stratified materials ranges from 36 inches to more than 60 inches. Bedrock is deeper than 60 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 24 to 60 inches. Rock fragments are commonly absent but can range up to 5 percent by volume within a depth of 36 inches and from 0 to 30 percent below depths of 36 inches. Rock fragments are mostly gravel or cobbles.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 through 4, and chroma of 1 or 2, or it is neutral. It is fine sandy loam, silt loam or silty clay loam with or without mucky analogs. It has moderate or strong, fine to coarse, granular or subangular blocky structure. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral. Thickness of the A horizon ranges from 2 to 6 inches.
The B horizon, up to 24 inches thick, has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 0 through 2. The texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. Structure is weak or moderate, fine, medium or coarse, subangular blocky to weak or moderate, coarse prismatic. Consistence is friable or firm and usually contains high chroma redoximorphic features. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y or has gleyed hues including 5BG, 5GY, and 5G, with value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 1 or 2, or the horizon is neutral. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. The C horizon is massive. It is friable or firm and usually contains high chroma redoximorphic features. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to moderately alkaline.
The 2C horizon, where present, has color ranges similar to the C horizon. Texture ranges from fine sandy loam to silty clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: The Melvin, Rahm, and Stanhope series are in the same family. Melvin soils have a mean annual temperature of greater than 50 degrees and are formed in alluvium of non-glacial origin. Rahm soils have a buried acid paleosol within 40 inches. Stanhope soils lack carbonates within 60 inches.
The Aetna, Atkins, Holderton, Saco, Shoals, Sloan, Stendal, Wakeville, and Wyalusing series are similar soils in related families. Aetna soils have a buried mollic epipedon. Atkins and Stendal soils are strongly acid throughout; in addition, Atkins soils have a fine-loamy particle-size control section. Holderton soils have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section, Wakeville soils have a coarse-silty particle-size control section, and both soils have dominant chroma of 3 or more in a subhorizon between 10 and 30 inches. Saco and Shoals soils have a coarse-silty particle-size control section. Sloan soils have a mollic epipedon. Wyalusing soils have a coarse-loamy over sandy or sandy skeletal particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wayland soils are on nearly level to depressed parts of flood plains of streams receiving runoff from uplands that contain some calcareous drift. They are mainly in or bordering areas of Wisconsin glaciation. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. The climate is humid temperate. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches; mean annual temperature ranges from 47 to 50 degrees F., and mean frost-free period ranges from 110 to 160 days. The elevation ranges from 150 to 1700 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chenango, Hamlin, Howard, Middlebury, Palmyra, Teel, Tioga, and Wakeville series. Chenango, Howard, and Palmyra soils do not have aquic moisture regimes and formed in adjacent gravelly outwash deposits. Well drained Hamlin, moderately well drained Teel, and somewhat poorly drained Wakeville soils are in a drainage sequence with Wayland soils. Middlebury and Tioga soils also formed in alluvial deposits but do not have aquic moisture regimes and have coarse-loamy particle-size control sections.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly and very poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high in the mineral soil. An apparent water table is at the surface or to a depth of 0.5 feet below the surface with occasional ponding.
USE AND VEGETATION: Native vegetation is red maple, alder, willow, and other trees tolerant of wet sites. Some areas have been cleared and drained, and are used for growing pasture or crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern and western New York, northern Pennsylvania and north-eastern Ohio. MLRA's 100, 101, 139, 140, 142 and 144A. The soils are of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Steuben County, New York, 1931.
REMARKS: Wayland series were classified as Entisols and classified to Mollic Fluvaquents. Most pedons have a B horizon and those pedons with a B horizon will now classify as Inceptisols and classified to Fluvaqentic Endoaquepts to the eighth edition. Older surveys using Wayland series need to consider which classification is suitable for their surveys.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon are:
1. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 6 inches (A horizon).
2. Cambic horizon - the zone from 6 to 18 inches (Bg horizons).