LOCATION WASEPI MI+IN WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Wasepi sandy loam - on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
E1--8 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
E2--13 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; few medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the E horizons is 4 to 18 inches thick)
Bt1--17 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few thin clay films; few fine roots; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--24 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy clay loam; common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; thick clay films and bridging between sand grains; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (The combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 8 to 20 inches)
2Cg--30 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) stratified sand and fine gravel; few coarse prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) mottles; single grained; loose; mildly alkaline; slight effervescence.
TYPE LOCATION: Genesee County, Michigan; about 2 miles east and 2 miles south of Goodrich; 900 feet east and 960 feet north of SW corner of SE quarter of sec. 25, T. 6 N., R. 8 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum and the depth to free carbonates ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The solum ranges from medium acid to mildly alkaline. Rock fragments, dominantly gravel, range from 3 to 25 percent in the solum and from 15 to 50 percent in the 2C horizon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. The E horizons have hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. The A and E horizons are sandy loam or loamy sand.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, gravelly sandy loam, or gravelly fine sandy loam.
The 2C horizon has hue of 5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 1 to 6. It is gravelly sand or stratified sand and gravel. Loamy substratums with loam, clay loam or silty clay loam texture are below 40 inches in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Brady, Dixboro, and Oakton (T) series in the same family and the Boyer, Bronson, Gilford, Gladwin, Matherton, Oshtemo, and Perrin series. Brady soils have thicker and more acid sola. Dixboro soils do not have gravelly sand 2C horizons. Oakton soils have thicker sola and are deeper to carbonates. Boyer, Oshtemo, and Perrin soils do not have low chroma mottles within the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon. Bronson soils do not have dark colored surface horizons. Gilford soils have mollic epipedons. Gladwin soil have spodic horizons and are frigid. Matherton soils are fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wasepi soils are on outwash plains, deltas, valley trains, glacial drainageways, and lake plains of Wisconsinan Age. The dominant slope is 0 and 2 percent, but ranges to 6 percent. This soil formed in loamy and sandy glaciofluvial deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 37 inches, and mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 50 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Boyer, Brady, Gilford, Oshtemo, Perrin, and Sebewa soils. The Wasepi soils are the somewhat poorly drained member of a drainage sequence that includes the well drained Boyer, moderately well drained Perrin, and poorly drained Gilford soils. Brady, Oshtemo, and Sebewa soils are closely associated on outwash plains.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is moderately rapid in the solum and rapid in underlying sand and gravel.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are cultivated in most areas. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and grass-legume hay are principal crops. Soils are used for permanent pasture or forest in a few areas. The native vegetation was hardwoods, principally American elm, white ash, hickory, and swamp white oak.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Michigan, northern Indiana, southern Wisconsin, and northeastern Wisconsin. The series is of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lapeer County, Michigan, 1966.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 17 inches (Ap, E1, and E2 horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from 17 to 30 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons); aquic feature - mottles with chroma of 2 or less in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon; mollic feature - moist value less than 4 in the Ap horizon.