LOCATION WARSAW IN+IL MN OH WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Warsaw loam - on a nearly level slope of 2 percent in a cultivated field at am elevation of 935 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; few worm holes and casts; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--8 to 14 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 9 to 20 inches.)
BA--14 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bt1--17 to 29 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct discontinuous dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and on gravel; 10 percent fine gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 18 inches thick)
Bt2--29 to 33 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct continuous dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds and coatings on gravel; 10 percent fine gravel; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 10 to 26 inches.)
2Bt3--33 to 35 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) gravelly sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct discontinuous black (10YR 2/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds and in linings of some voids; tongues of this material extend into the underlying gravel; 20 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
2C--35 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) stratified very gravelly coarse sand, gravelly coarse sand, and sand; single grain; loose; 40 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Noble County, Indiana; about 3 miles north of Ligonier; 1440 feet east and 425 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 2, T. 35 N., R. 8 E; U.S.G.S. Topeka Topographic Quadrangel; Latitude 41 degrees, 31 minutes, 21.27 seconds North and Longitude 85 degrees, 34 minutes, 12.8 seconds West, NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of soil development ranges from 24 to 40 inches. At least one horizon in the argillic is moderately acid or strongly acid. The particle-size control section averages between 17 to 30 percent clay.
The upper part of the series control section (Ap and A horizon) has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. They are silt loam, loam, or sandy loam and contain 0 to 14 percent gravel and is moderately acid to neutral.
The BA horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, silt loam, or sandy loam and is moderately acid to neutral. It contains 0 to 14 percent gravel.
The next part of the series control section (Bt horizon) has properties as follows. The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silt loam, or silty clay loam. It has 0 to 14 percent gravel. It is slightly acid to strongly acid. The lower part of the Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4. It is clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam. It contains 0 to 14 percent gravel. It is slightly acid to strongly acid.
The next part of the series control section (2Bt horizon) has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is gravelly clay loam or gravelly sandy clay loam. It contains 15 to 25 percent gravel. It is slightly acid to moderately alkaline. Some pedons have carbonates. Tongues of the 2Bt horizon extend from 6 to 25 inches into the underlying gravel and coarse sand and range in distance apart from 12 to more than 36 inches.
The lower part of the series control section (2C horizon) has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is the gravelly, very gravelly, or extremely gravelly analogs of sand, coarse sand, loamy sand or loamy coarse sand. Strata of coarse sand or sand make up less than 10 percent of the stratification. Gravel content ranges between 15 and 78 percent. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Carbonates are present in most pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dakota, and Trempealeau soils. Dakota soils do not have carbonates in the lower part of the series control section. Trempealeau soils do not have gravel in any part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Warsaw soils are on nearly level to strongly sloping topography on outwash plains, stream terraces, kames, and valley trains. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent. Warsaw soils formed in loamy sediments and in the underlying gravelly outwash over calcareous, stratified gravelly or very gravelly coarse sand and sand. The mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 42 inches, and elevation ranges from 580 feet to 1530 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The well drained Elston and Wea soils, the excessively drained Ade and Rodman soils, and the very poorly drained Westland soils are closely associated with the Warsaw soils. Elston soils have less clay in the subsoil and are on adjacent nearly level or gently sloping areas. Rodman soils are on the breaks and steeper ridges and are more sandy. Westland soils are in the lower flats and depressions, and are gray throughout with brown mottles. The Ade soils are closely associated with Warsaw in areas where there are small sandy ridges and contain less clay throughout the profile. Warsaw soils grade to Wea soils where the solum is more than 40 inches thick on similar landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Permeability is moderate in the solum and very rapid in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly used for growing crops. The principal crops grown are corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay. Some areas are used for growing green beans, potatoes, tomatoes, strawberries, and other vegetables and fruits. Irrigation is used on this soil in some areas. The original vegetation was tall prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West-central and northern Indiana, western Ohio, eastern Illinois, southern Michigan, and southeastern Wisconsin. The series is of large extent in MLRAs 95B, 108, 110, 111, and 115.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kosciusko County, Indiana, 1922.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of approximately 14 inches (Ap, A horizons); argillic horizon the zone from approximately 17 to 35 inches (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3 horizons); lithologic discontinuity at 33 inches (2Bt3 horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: No pedon or transect data has been collected at this time.
This pedon requires field work.