LOCATION WAINOLA MI+WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquods
TYPICAL PEDON: Wainola fine sand - forested. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oa--0 to 5 centimeters; black (N 2/0) well decomposed litter; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 10 centimeters thick)
E--5 to 30 centimeters; pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; common fine and coarse roots; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 30 centimeters thick)
Bs1--30 to 46 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots; common dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) weakly cemented ortstein fragments; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations throughout; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bs2--46 to 69 centimeters; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) fine sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine and medium roots; common dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) very weakly cemented ortstein fragments; common fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulations throughout; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (The combined thickness of the Bs horizons is 20 to 61 centimeters.)
BC--69 to 104 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; common fine distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) and brown (7.5YR 5/2) masses of iron accumulations throughout; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 51 centimeters thick)
C--104 to 152 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/2) very fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Menominee County, Michigan; about 8 miles southeast of Stephenson; 2,200 feet north and 200 feet west of the southeast corner, sec. 6, T. 34 N., R. 25 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 46 to 107 centimeters. Coarse fragments are less than 5 percent by volume throughout. The particle-size control section averages more than 50 percent fine sand.
Some pedons have an A horizon, 2 to 13 centimeters thick, that has a hue of 5YR to 10YR, or is neutral; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 0 to 2. Some pedons have an Ap horizon 15 to 23 centimeters thick, which has value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 1 or 2
The E horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A and E horizons are fine sand or loamy fine sand. Reaction of the A, E and Ap horizons ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The Bs1 horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR; value of 3 or 4; and chroma of 2 to 4. The Bs2 horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 4 to 6. The B horizons are stratified fine sand, very fine sand or loamy fine sand with some thin strata of silt. Reaction of the Bs horizon ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid. In some places the reaction of the Bs2 horizon may range to slightly acid.
The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 and chroma of 4 to 6. It is fine sand. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, and 10YR; value of 4 to 7; and chroma of 2 to 4. The C horizon has textures like that of the B horizon. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Au Gres and Battlefield series. Au Gres soils have more than 50 percent fine sand throughout the particle-size control section (are dominantly medium sand). Battlefield soils are underlain by gravelly sand within 51 to 102 centimeters of the surface.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on outwash plains, lake plains, and glacial lake deltas. Slope gradients range from 0 to 4 percent. These soils formed in fine sand and loamy fine sand deposits. Mean annual temperature is estimated to range from 5 to 8 degrees C, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 710 to 860 millimeters.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The well drained Rousseau and the poorly drained Deford soils are in the same drainage sequence. The somewhat poorly drained Brimley and Richter soils are other associated soils. These soils are loamy textured.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The soil has representative wet soil moisture status from 15 to 76 centimeters below the surface during the period from October to May. Surface runoff is slow. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high.
USE AND VEGETATION: A large proportion is in forest, permanent pasture, or is idle cropland. A small acreage is under cultivation and used for small grain and hay. The present forest vegetation is chiefly quaking aspen, white ash, red maple, northern red oak with shrubs and grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Michigan, New York and northern Wisconsin. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Arenac County, Michigan, 1964.
REMARKS: Laboratory data is available for this pedon S80MI-109-4. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from 5 to 30 centimeters (E horizon); albic horizon - the zone from 5 to 30 centimeters (E horizon); spodic horizon - the zone from 30 to 46 centimeters (Bs1 horizon); aquic conditions within 50 centimeters of the surface.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record: MI0212