LOCATION TUSTIN WI+MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey, mixed, active, mesic Arenic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Tustin loamy fine sand - on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 850 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
Bw--8 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (11 to 31 inches thick)
2Bt1--26 to 30 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; common clay films on faces of peds; about 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
3Bt2--30 to 39 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; strong fine angular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many clay films on faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
3Bt3--39 to 46 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay ; Moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 3Bt horizon ranges from 8 to 19 inches.)
3C--46 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam; massive; firm; about 4 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Winnebago County, Wisconsin; about 3.5 miles west of Oshkosh ; 1720 feet north and 2370 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 13, T. 18 N., R. 15 E. USGS Omro, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 01 minutes 58 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 39 minutes 16 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 30 to 50 inches. Thickness of the sandy mantle and depth to clay ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The particle-size control section averages 35 to 60 percent clay and less than 30 percent fine sand or coarser. Rock fragments typically are absent in the sandy mantle. Volume of gravel in the loamy transition layer and in the clayey till ranges from 0 to 8 percent. Volume of cobbles and stones ranges from 0 to 2 percent in the till. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the sandy mantle and in the loamy transition layer. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the clayey subsoil and is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum. Carbonates are in the substratum and, in some pedons, are in the lower part of the subsoil.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or fine sand.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loamy fine sand, fine sand, or loamy sand.
The 2Bt1 horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 4 to 6. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam.
The 3Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. Texture is typically silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay, but in some pedons it is clay loam.
The 3C horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR and value and chroma of 3 to 6. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. Texture is clay loam, silty clay loam , silty clay, or clay.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Closely related series in other families are the Delton, Metea, Puchyan, Richford, Rimer, and Seward. Delton soils are in the loamy family have carbonates in the lower part of the series control section. Metea soils have argillic horizons with less than 35 percent clay. Puchyan and Richford soils have argillic horizons with less than 18 percent clay. Rimer soils are somewhat poorly drained and have mottles with chroma of 2 or less within a depth of 30 inches. Seward soils are in the loamy family and have redox features and saturation within a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tustin soils are on moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. Tustin soils formed in a mantle of sandy eolian or outwash deposits, in a thin loamy transition layer, and in clayey till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 27 to 40 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 53 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Briggsville, Kewaunee, Nebago, Oshkosh, Rimer, Seward and Shawano series. The moderately well drained Seward and the somewhat poorly drained Rimer soils are on slightly lower positions in the landscape and form a drainage sequence with the Tustin soils. Briggsville, Kewaunee, and Oshkosh soils are geographically associated where the sandy deposit thins to less than 20 inches. Nebago soils are nearby in some places but they do not have an argillic horizon. In some places where the sandy deposits thicken to more than 60 inches, Shawano soils are a nearby associate and are sandy throughout.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to medium. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mantle, moderate in the loamy transition layer, and slow in the clayey till .
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, oats, and alfalfa. Some areas are used for woodland or pastureland. Native vegetation is mixed forest cover of pine and deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern and central Wisconsin and southwestern and west-central Michigan. The Tustin soils are of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Columbia County, Wisconsin, 1972.
REMARKS:
12/04 705 acres correlated as Tustin, sandy substratum in Waupaca Co. have sand below the clay at depths of 30 to 50 inches. New series needed?
12/04 This series was formerly defined as being formed in sandy deposits and in clayey lacustrine deposits or clayey till. Since about 80 percent or more of the correlated acres are mapped over clayey till, this revision changes the concept of the series to sand over clayey till only. A new series is needed for those acres mapped as sand over clayey lacustrine deposits when they are updated. This includes the acres in Columbia, Green Lake, and Sauk Counties and possibly some of the acres in Calumet-Manitowoc, Waushara, and Winnebago Counties.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (Ap); ; argillic horizon - 26 to 46 inches (2Bt1, 3Bt2, 3Bt3); arenic feature sandy particle-size from 0 to 26 inches (Ap, Bw).