LOCATION TRENT SD+IA MN NEEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Haplustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Trent silty clay loam - on a plane, west-facing slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--7 to 15 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine tubular pores; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 11 to 20 inches)
Bw1--15 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine tubular pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--23 to 28 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine tubular pores; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw3--28 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist redox concentrations; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine tubular pores; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw4--39 to 46 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist redox concentrations and few fine prominent light olive gray (5Y 6/2) moist redox depletions; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine tubular pores; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 18 to 45 inches)
Bk--46 to 52 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist redox concentrations and common fine and medium distinct gray (5Y 6/1) moist redox depletions; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable; common very fine tubular pores; 7.0 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; common fine and medium rounded soft masses of carbonate ; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. ( 5 to 20 inches thick)
C--52 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist , common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist redox concentrations, and common fine and medium distinct gray (5Y 6/1) moist redox depletions; massive; slightly hard, friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 6.0 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; few fine rounded soft masses of carbonate and few fine irregular very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) soft masses of iron-manganese throughout; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Minnehaha County, South Dakota; about 8 miles east and 1 mile north of Baltic; 890 feet south and 200 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 35, T. 104 N., R. 48 W. USGS Dell Rapids SE, SD topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 46 minutes 25 seconds N. and long. 96 degrees 33 minutes 8 seconds W. NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to calcium carbonate ranges from 30 to 60 inches. The series control section averages about 30 percent clay, but ranges from 27 to 35 percent. The mollic epipedon ranges from 20 to 40 inches in thickness, and extends into the upper part of the B horizon.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2. It typically is silty clay loam, but is silt loam in some pedons. It ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 6 and 2 to 5 moist, and chroma of 1 to 4. It typically is silty clay loam in the upper part, and silt loam in the lower part. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline. Redox features in the Bw horizon vary in size and contrast and typically are below depths of 24 inches. Some pedons have a BC horizon with colors and texture of the Bw horizon.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. Accumulations of carbonates are few to many. It is slightly or moderately alkaline.
The C horizon, where present, has 10YR or 2.5Y hue, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. Redox features range from few to many, fine to medium and faint to prominent. It is silt loam or silty clay loam. It ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline. Some pedons have a 2C horizon of loam or clay loam glacial till at depths of more than 40 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Duroc, Eltree, Graceville, Viborg, and Yankton series. Duroc soils have a drier soil moisture control section and calcum carbonates with 30 inches. Eltree soils have calcium carbonates within depths of 15 inches. Graceville soils do not have redox features between depths of 20 and 40 inches. Viborg and Yankton soils have fine-loamy particle size within depths of 25 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Trent soils are on plain and concave slopes in the upland; on flats, in slight depressions and swales; and on very gentle lower slopes. Slope gradients typically are about 1 percent and range from 0 to 6 percent. Trent soils formed in friable silty sediments. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation from 20 to 26 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chancellor, Crofton, Egan, Moody, Nora, and Wentworth soils. Chancellor soils have a more moist soil moisture control section and are in the fine textured family. Crofton soils are on steeper convex slopes in the more rolling and hilly landscape and do not have a mollic epipedon. Egan, Moody, Nora, and Wentworth soils have mollic epipedons less than 20 inches thick and are on the higher landscape positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well and moderately well drained. Most areas of these soils receive runoff from adjoining higher areas. Runoff is low. Permeability is moderate. The till substratum phase has moderately slow permeability in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for corn, soybeans, small grain, and alfalfa. Native grasses include big bluestem, little bluestem, green needlegrass, sideoats grama, western wheatgrass, and sedges.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern South Dakota, southwestern Minnesota, northwestern Iowa, and northeastern Nebraska. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clay County, South Dakota, 1953.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 23 inches (Ap, A, Bw1 horizon); cambic horizon the zone from 23 to 46 inches (Bw2, Bw3, Bw4).