LOCATION TIPTON OK+TXEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Pachic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Tipton loam-cropland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
A--9 to 13 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
BA--13 to 21 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine pores; many wormcasts; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--21 to 34 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; many fine pores; many distinct clay films on surfaces of peds; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 18 inches thick)
Bt2--34 to 40 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/3) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; many fine pores; many distinct clay films on surfaces of peds; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
BC--40 to 66 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure; slightly hard, friable; few masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (20 to 30 inches thick)
Ck--66 to 72 inches; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) loam, yellowish red (5YR 5/6) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable; many masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Tillman County, Oklahoma; about 2-1/2 miles south of Tipton; 1,650 feet south and 150 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 24, T. 1 S., R. 19 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum is 40 to more than 72 inches. Depth to secondary carbonates is more than 20 inches.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is fine sandy loam or loam. Reaction is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
The BA horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 2 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam and clay content ranges from 20 to 35 percent. Reaction ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline.
The BC horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture is loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
The C or Ck horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 8. Some pedons have a few faint medium mottles of low chroma in the B and C horizons below depths of 40 inches. Texture is loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. Reaction is moderately alkaline. Some pedons have buried horizons between depths of 36 and 60 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Altus, Cuero, Hackey, Smithville, Texroy, and Uvas series. Altus soils have fine sandy loam or sandy clay loam textures in the particle-size control section. Cuero and Smithville soils are moist for longer periods of time. Texroy soils occur in slightly drier areas. Hackey and Uvas occur in drier areas and at elevations above 4,000 feet.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tipton soils are on nearly level to moderately sloping upland terraces in the Central Rolling Red Plains (MLRA 78C). Slopes are mainly less than 3 percent, but range from 0 to 8 percent. The soil formed in calcareous loamy and silty alluvium, of late Pleistocene or Holocene age that ranges from about 10 to 50 feet thick. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 22 to 32 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 57 to 64 degrees F. Thornthwaite annual P-E indices range from 32 to 44. Frost-free days range from 185 to 230. Elevation ranges from 1000 to 2000 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Altus soils and the Grandfield, Guadalupe, Hardeman, and Miles soils. Altus soils occur on similar areas. Grandfield and Miles soils have an ochric epipedon and occur on convex areas. Guadalupe soils occur on slightly lower areas, have an ochric epipedon, a cambic horizon, and are stratified within 50 inches of the soil surface. Hardeman soils have a ochric epipedon, a cambic horizon, have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section, and occur on slightly lower areas near the drainageways.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Tipton soils are well drained. Runoff is negligible on 0 to 1 percent slopes, low on 1 to 5 percent, and medium on 5 to 8 percent slopes. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly used for cropland. Cotton, alfalfa, and sorghum are the principal crops grown. Native vegetation is grasses, mainly little bluestem, sand bluestem, Indiangrass, switchgrass, sideoat grama, and other grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Rolling Red Plains of Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas (MLRA 78B, 78C). The series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Tillman County, Oklahoma; 1943.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon- the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 34 inches (the A, BA, and Bt1 horizons)
Argillic horizon- The zone from 21 inches to a depth of 40 inches (the Bt horizons).
Soil Interpretation Record: OK0147
Range Site: Loamy Prairie - 078CY056OK
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL data from Tillman County, OK (S67OK-071-001); OSU lab data for Harmon County, OK (80-OK-29-14).
TAXONOMIC VERSION: Soil Taxonomy, Second Edition, 1999.