LOCATION TIPSAW INEstablished Series
The Tipsaw series consists of moderately deep, somewhat excessively drained soils on scarps and hills. They formed in loamy residuum from sandstone interbedded with shale and siltstone. Slopes range from 20 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1092 mm (43 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Tipsaw very fine sandy loam on a 45 percent slope in a hardwood forest at an elevation of about 174 meters (570 feet) above MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches); 80 percent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and 20 percent brown (10YR 5/3) very fine sandy loam; weak very fine granular structure; friable; many fine and medium roots throughout; extremely acid; 5 percent strongly cemented sandstone channers; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 cm or 1 to 4 inches thick)
E--5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) very fine sandy loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots throughout; extremely acid; 10 percent strongly cemented and 4 percent weakly cemented sandstone channers; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 cm or 0 to 3 inches thick)
Bw1--13 to 33 cm (5 to 13 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) parachannery very fine sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots throughout; very strongly acid; 10 percent strongly cemented sandstone channers and 25 percent weakly cemented sandstone parachanners; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--33 to 51 cm (13 to 20 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery very fine sandy loam and parachannery fine sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots throughout; many distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) skeletans (sand or silt) on faces of peds and in pores; very strongly acid; 30 percent strongly cemented sandstone channers and 30 percent weakly cemented parachanners; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 30 to 51 cm or 12 to 20 inches thick.)
BC--51 to 71 cm (20 to 28 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) channery loam and parachannery loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable; common distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) skeletans (sand or silt) on faces of peds and in pores; extremely acid; 30 percent strongly cemented sandstone channers and 30 percent weakly cemented parachanners. (0 to 25 cm or 0 to 10 inches thick)
Cr--71 to 152 cm (28 to 60 inches); weakly cemented and moderately cemented sandstone interbedded with shale, siltstone, and very strongly cemented sandstone.
TYPE LOCATION: Perry County, Indiana; 122 meters or 400 feet south and 92 meters or 300 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 3, T. 4 S., R. 3 W., USGS Bristow, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 12 minutes 10 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 43 minutes 5 seconds W., NAD 27. UTM Zone 16, 524685 easting and 4228357 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to bedrock (paralithic contact): 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 5
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: very fine sandy loam or loam and their parachannery analogues
Clay content: 4 to 16 percent
Sand content: 40 to 70 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
Rock fragment content: 0 to 10 percent channers
Pararock fragment content: 0 to 25 percent parachanners
E or EB horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam or very fine sand, and their parachannery analogues
Clay content: 4 to 16 percent
Sand content: 40 to 70 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent channers
Pararock fragment content: 0 to 25 percent parachanners
Bw horizon
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: channery, parachannery, very parachanery and extremely parachanery analogues of silt loam, loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 6 to 18 percent
Sand content: 40 to 70 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
Rock fragment content: 10 to 34 percent channers
Pararock fragment content: 25 to 70 percent parachanners
BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: channery, parachannery, very parachanery or extremely parachanery analogues of loam, sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam
Clay content: 6 to 18 percent
Sand content: 40 to 70 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to strongly acid
Rock fragment content: from 10 to 34 percent channers and flagstones
Pararock fragment content: 25 to 70 percent parachanners
Cr horizon: weakly or moderately cemented sandstone interbedded with shale, siltstone and strongly cemented to indurated sandstone.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bannertown, Cheshire, Devotion, Ditney, Fedscreek, Marrowbone, Maymead, and Mine Run (T) series. Bannertown, Ditney, Devotion, Marrowbone, Maymead, and Mine Run (T) soils have a lithic contact. Cheshire soils do not have bedrock (lithic or paralithic contact) in the series control
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Tipsaw soils are on backslopes of scarps and hills. They formed in loamy residuum from sandstone interbedded shale and siltstone. Slopes range from 20 to 70 percent. The mean annual temperature ranges from 11 to 14 degrees C (51 to 57 degrees F) and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 102 to 117 cm (40 to 46 inches). Frost free days range from 170 to 200.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Adyeville, Apalona, Deuchars, Ebal, Gilpin, Kitterman and Wellston soils. The somewhat excessively drained Adyeville, and well drained Gilpin and deep, well drained Wellston soils are on shoulders and upper part of backslopes. The very deep, moderately well drained Apalona soils are on summits and shoulders of hills. The moderately well drained, very deep Deuchars, deep or very deep Ebal, and moderately deep Kitterman soils on backslopes and footslopes.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 42.34 micrometers/s). Permeability is moderate or moderately rapid. The potential for surface water runoff is high.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in woodland. A few areas are used for pasture. Native vegetation is mixed, deciduous hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern and central Indiana. The acreage is of small extent in MLRA 120B.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Perry County, Indiana, 1997. The source of the name is a named lake in Perry County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon- the zone from 0 to 13 cm or 0 to 5 inches (A, E horizons)
2) Cambic horizon- the zone from 13 to 71 cm or 5 to 28 inches (Bw1, Bw2 and BC horizons)
3) Paralithic contact- at 71 cm or 28 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA: Data for the typical pedon number S89IN-123-008 and for pedon 590IN-119-017 are at the NSSC, Lincoln, NE.