LOCATION TELL               WI+IA IL MN

TELL SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Tell silt loam, on convex slope of 8 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 235 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; friable; common roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (13 to 24 centimeters thick)

E--23 to 36 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; moderate thin and medium platy structure; friable; common roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 13 centimeters thick)

BE--36 to 46 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common roots; distinct discontinuous gray (10YR 6/1) silt coats on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 18 centimeters thick)

Bt--46 to 71 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; distinct prominent gray (10YR 6/1) silt coats on some faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (22 to 34 centimeters thick)

2BC--71 to 81 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; very dark grayish brown 10YR 3/2) stains on vertical faces of peds; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 10 centimeters thick)

2C--81 to 152 centimeters; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) weakly stratified sand; single grain; loose; strongly acid in upper part and becoming less acid with depth.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills; Crawford County, Wisconsin subset; about 1 mile northwest of Bridgeport; located about 1,600 feet east and 2,000 feet south of the northwest corner or 1,760 feet west and 120 feet south of a rural side road that intersects (from the north and near the center of the section) U. S. Highway 18, section 10, T. 6 N., R. 6 W.; USGS Bridgeport topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 00 minutes 43 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 4 minutes 31 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to horizons with more than 15 percent sand--50 to 100 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 150 centimeters
Content of clay in the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 28 percent
Content of clay in the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--2 to 10 percent
Content of sand in the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 15 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Content of sand in the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--75 to 95 percent

A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 to 5
Chroma--2 to 5
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--10 to 20 percent
Sand content--5 to 25 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Rock fragment content--0 percent

E horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--14 to 20 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--0 percent

BE horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--15 to 25 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--0 percent

Bt horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--0 percent

2BC horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content--10 to 25 percent
Sand content--30 to 65 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent

2C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--4 to 8
Texture--sand or loamy sand
Clay content--2 to 10 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--0 to 5 percent

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Gale series.
Gale--have a paralithic contact with siliceous sandstone at a depth of 100 centimeters

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of loess or other silty deposits and in the underlying sandy deposits
Landform--stream terraces and outwash plains
Slope--0 to 40 percent
Elevation--200 to 600 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--700 to 820 millimeters
Frost-free period--120 to 180 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bertrand, Dakota, Jackson, and Meridian soils, all of which occupy similar landscape positions.
Bertrand--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Tell soils and do not have a horizon with a sand content of more than 15 percent within a depth of 100 centimeters
Dakota--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Tell soils and have a mollic epipedon
Jackson--are at slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1 meter during the wettest periods of normal years
Meridian--are in landscape positions similar to those of the Tell soils and have an average sand content of more than 15 percent in the upper part of the particle-size control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second (moderately high) in the loess or silty deposits and 10.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second (high) in the sandy deposits
Potential for surface runoff--negligible to high
Flooding--rarely flooded for brief duration

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated or pastured. The principal crops are corn, small grain, and forage. The native vegetation consisted of mixed hardwoods with oak predominant.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Easter lake section, Western lake section, Wisconsin driftless section, Dissected till plains, Till plains
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till (90),
Wisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91B),
Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain (95B),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105),
and Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108)
LRR M, LRR L, and LRR K; southwestern Wisconsin, southeastern Minnesota, northern Illinois, and eastern Iowa
Extent--moderate

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Trempealeau County, Wisconsin, 1940.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 46 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 36 centimeters (Ap, E, and BE horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 46 to 71 centimeters (Bt horizon); udic moisture regime;
mesic temperature regime.

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.