LOCATION SUTKIN WA+IDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Ultic Haploxerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Sutkin stony loam, forested. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 1 inch; partially decomposed forest litter. (1/2 inch to 2 inches thick)
A--1 to 11 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) stony loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and common coarse roots; 5 percent surface stones, 5 percent cobbles and 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 18 inches thick)
Bw1--11 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) very cobbly loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common coarse and many fine roots; 30 percent gravel and 20 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear irregular boundary. (7 to 17 inches thick)
Bw2--21 to 39 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) extremely cobbly loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common coarse and many fine roots; 35 percent gravel and 35 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary. (12 to 20 inches thick)
C--39 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) extremely cobbly loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common fine and coarse roots; 30 percent gravel and 40 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Yakima County, Washington; about 27 miles west of Yakima; 1,100 feet west and 2,300 feet south of the northeast corner of section 14, T.12N., R.14E.; USGS Foundation Ridge, Washington topographic quadrangle; Latitude 46 degrees, 31 minutes, 48 seconds N. and Longitude 121 degrees, 01 minute, 41 seconds W. (NAD27).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The average annual soil temperature is 44 to 46 degrees F.. The mollic epipedon is 10 to 18 inches thick. . The particle size control section averages 18 to 30 percent clay. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.
The A horizon has value of 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist and chroma of 3 or 4 dry, 1 to 3 moist. It has 5 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles and 0 to 5 percent stones.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist and chroma of 2 to 4 moist. Texture is very gravelly loam, very cobbly loam or extremely cobbly loam. It has 40 to 70 percent rock fragments with 10 to 45 percent gravel, 10 to 35 percent cobbles and 0 to 5 percent stones.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4 moist and chroma of 3 or 4 moist. Texture is very cobbly loam, extremely cobbly loam or very cobbly clay loam. It has 40 to 80 percent rock fragments with 10 to 35 percent gravel, 30 to 50 percent cobbles and 0 to 5 percent stones.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Crumley (T), Grousecreek (T), Patio, Rogger, Terracecreek and Zeb series. Patio, Rogger and Terracecreek soils have bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Crumley, Grousecreek and Zeb soils have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Sutkin soils are on mountain side slopes, smooth mountain summits and foothills. Slopes are 0 to 65 percent. These soils formed in colluvium and residuum derived from basalt with an influence of loess in the surface. Elevations are 1,800 to 4,800 feet. The climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters with a snow pack from December through March. The average annual precipitation is 18 to 22 inches. The average January temperature is about 24 degrees F., the average July temperature is about 67 degrees F. and the average annual temperature is 42 to 45 degrees F.. The growing season at 28 degrees F. is 145 to 170 days. The frost-free season is 70 to 130 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bocker, Jumpe, Loneridge and Sapkin soils. Bocker soils have bedrock at a depth of 4 to 11 inches. Jumpe soils have an ochric epipedon. Loneridge soils have an argillic horizon. Sapkin soils are 20 to 40 inches to bedrock.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for commercial timber, grazable woodland, recreation, wildlife habitat, and watershed. Vegetation is ponderosa pine, scattered Douglas fir, snowberry, and pinegrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Foothills of the Cascade Mountains in Yakima and Kittitas Counties, Washington, MLRA 6. This series is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kittitas County, Washington, 1979.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - the zone from 1 to 21 inches (A and Bw1 horizons)
Cambic horizon - the zone from 21 to 39 inches (Bw2 horizon)
Particle-size control section - the zone from 11 to 41 inches.
Depths to diagnostic horizons and features are measured from the top of the first mineral layer.