LOCATION SUMMIT OK+AR KS MOEstablished Series
The Summit series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in material weathered from residual shales or colluvial calcareous clays of Pennsylvanian age. These nearly level to strongly sloping soils are on slightly convex uplands and foot slopes in the Cherokee Prairies (MLRA 112). Slopes range from 0 to 12 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 41 inches. Mean annual temperature is 61 degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Oxyaquic Vertic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Summit silty clay loam--rangeland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam; strong fine and medium granular structure; hard, friable; many fine roots; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
A2--7 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam; strong medium granular structure; very hard; firm; many fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
BA--13 to 21 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam; few fine distinct strong brown and yellowish brown mottles; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; many fine roots; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
Bt1--21 to 37 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay; common fine distinct yellowish red redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few slickensides; clay films or pressure faces on faces of peds; many fine roots; few fine black concretions; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 18 inches thick)
Bt2--37 to 51 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay; common fine distinct yellowish red redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few slickensides; clay films or pressure faces on faces of peds; common fine roots; few fine black concretions; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 16 inches thick)
Bt3--51 to 65 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) silty clay; few fine distinct yellowish red redoximorphic concentrations ; moderate medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few slickensides; clay films or pressure faces on faces of peds; common fine roots; few fine black concretions; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 18 inches thick)
BC--65 to 89 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) silty clay; few fine distinct yellowish red redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few slickensides; patchy clay films or pressure faces on faces of peds; few fine roots; few black concretions; few fragments of sandstone and shale from 2 mm to 75 mm in diameter; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (14 to 30 inches thick)
C--89 to 116 inches; coarse redoximorphic features are yellowish red (5YR 4/6), dark gray (10YR 4/1), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay; massive; extremely hard, very firm; few black concretions; few fragments of shale from 2 mm to 75 mm in diameter; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Rogers County, Oklahoma; about 6 miles east of Tulsa; 1,900 feet south and 1,800 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 26, T. 20 N., R. 14 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 50 to more than 60 inches and depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. This soil has a COLE of 0.09 or more and it has deep wide cracks usually during the summer months. Slickensides occur in the B horizons.
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay.
Fragments: 2 mm to 76 mm in diameter make up 0 to 10 percent by volume.
Structure: moderate or strong, fine, or moderately granular
Reaction: neutral to medium acid.
BA horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Redoximorphic features: brown redoximorphic concentrations.
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay.
Fragments: 2 mm to 76 mm in diameter make up 0 to 10 percent by volume.
Reaction: neutral to medium acid.
Structure: weak or moderate subangular blocky that parts to strong or medium granular structure.
Bt1 horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 to 4
Redoximorphic features: red or brown redoximorphic concentrations, or gray redoximorphic depletions
Texture: silty clay or clay.
Fragments: 2 mm to 76 mm in diameter make up 0 to 15 percent by volume.
Reaction: ranges from neutral to medium acid.
Lower Bt horizon and BC horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR through 2.5Y
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 to 4
Redoximorphic features: red or brown redoximorphic concentrations, or gray redoximorphic depletions
Texture: silty clay or clay.
Fragments: 2 mm to 76 mm in diameter make up 0 to 15 percent by volume.
Reaction: ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline.
C horizon:
Color: coarsely mixed red, gray, and brown redoximorphic features.
Texture: silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam.
Fragments: 2 mm to 76 mm in diameter make up 0 to 15 percent by volume. Some pedons have grayish soft bedrock as C horizons.
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no series in the same family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Summit soils are on uplands and foot slopes. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. Summit soils formed in residual or colluvial material weathered from calcareous clay or shales of Pennsylvanian Age. The climate is moist subhumid to humid; mean annual precipitation is about 35 to 47 inches, Thornthwaite annual P-E index is 64 to 82, and the mean annual temperature is about 57 degrees to 65 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Apperson, Dennis, Okemah, and Woodson series and the Catoosa, Claremore, Lula, Newtonia, and Shidler series. Apperson, Catoosa, Claremore, Lula, Newtonia and Shidler soils are at higher elevations. Dennis, Okemah, and Woodson soils are intermingled with this soil or they are at lower elevations. Catoosa, Claremore, Lula, and Newtonia soils are fine-silty. In addition, Catoosa soils have bedrock between depths of 20 to 40 inches; Claremore and Shidler soils have bedrock within a depth of 20 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; runoff ranges from medium through rapid depending on slope; slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are cultivated to general field crops on 0 to 5 percent slopes. The steeper slopes and part of gentler slopes are used for native range and pasture. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and eastern Oklahoma. The series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bates County, Missouri; 1903.
REMARKS:
9/3/02 - PRF- reformatted and corrected horizonation.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Sample Nos. 73L1152-73L1161 by Soil Survey Investigation Unit, Lincoln, Nebraskaat the following site:
http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/rptExecute.asp?p=4502&r=1&submit1=Get+Report