LOCATION SINGH WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy over loamy-skeletal, mixed over isotic, frigid Alfic Vitrixerands
TYPICAL PEDON: Singh ashy sandy loam - forestland, on a 14 percent north-facing slope at an elevation of 4,200 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. All textures are apparent field textures.)
Oi--0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed forest litter mixed with a small amount of 1980 Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash; abrupt smooth boundary. (0.5 to 2 inches thick)
A--1 to 4 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) ashy sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine and medium granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; NaF pH 10.1; slightly acid (pH 6.1); gradual smooth boundary (2 to 5 inches thick).
Bw1--4 to 13 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) ashy fine sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 10 percent gravel; NaF 10.1; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual smooth boundary.
Bw2--13 to 23 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 25 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; NaF pH 9.6; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 14 to 25 inches thick)
2Bt1--23 to 36 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine, fine, medium and coarse roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films lining pores and on ped faces; 25 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 6.6); gradual smooth boundary.
2Bt2--36 to 47 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3); moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; common fine irregular and few fine tubular pores; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films lining pores and on faces of peds; 25 percent gravel, 20 percent cobbles and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizon is 20 to 30 inches thick)
2BC--47 to 61 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) extremely gravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine irregular pores; 35 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles and 15 percent stones; neutral (pH 6.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Yakima County, Washington; about 4.5 miles southwest of Nile community, Washington; about 150 feet south and 1,900 feet west of the northeast corner of section 36, T. 15N., R.14E.; Latitude 46 degrees, 45 minutes, 14 seconds N. and Longitude 121 degrees, 01 minutes, 11 seconds W. NAD27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 20 inches is 44 to 46 degrees F. These soils are usually moist but are dry in all parts of the moisture control section for 45 to 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice. Thickness of andic soil material ranges from 14 to 25 inches from the mineral surface and has estimated moist bulk density of 0.75 to 0.90 g/cc, glass content of 5 to 30 percent, acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half the acid-oxalate extractable iron of 2 to 4 percent, phosphate retention of 25 to 40 percent and 15 bar water retention on air dried samples is 8 to 12 percent. Rock fragments range from 5 to 25 percent in the upper part of the particle-size control section and 35 to 60 percent in the lower part. The soils have 5 to 25 percent apparent clay content, by field estimates, in the upper part of the particle-size control section and 25 to 35 percent in the lower part.
The A horizon has value of 5or 6 dry, 2 to 4 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4 dry or moist. Apparent clay content, by field estimates, range from 5 to 20 percent. Rock fragments range from 0 to 15 percent. It is moderately acid or slightly acid.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist, and chroma 4 to 6 dry or moist. Texture is ashy fine sandy loam or gravelly ashy fine sandy loam and apparent clay content, by field estimates, range from 10 to 20 percent. Rock fragments range from 5 to 25 percent. It is moderately acid or slightly acid.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5 moist and chroma of 3 to 6 dry or moist. Texture is very gravelly loam, very cobbly loam, or very gravelly clay loam and apparent clay content, by field estimates, range from 25 to 35 percent. Rock fragments range from 35 to 60 percent. It is moderately acid to neutral.
The BC horizon, when present, averages 40 to 75 percent rock fragments. Texture is very gravelly loam, extremely gravelly loam or extremely cobbly loam. It is moderately acid to neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Singh soils are on mountain side slopes at elevations of 1,800 to 4,800 feet. Slopes are 0 to 60 percent. Singh soils formed in volcanic ash over colluvium from basalt or andesite. Climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 30 to 50 inches. The average January temperature is 26 degrees F. and the average July temperature is 65 degrees F. The mean annual temperature is 42 to 45 degrees F. The frost-free period is 70 to 125 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bograp, Bearrun, and McDanielake soils. Bograp soils are on mountain side slopes and are fine-loamy. Bearrun soils are on mountain side slopes and are fine textured. McDanielake soils are on ridges and mountain side slopes and are loamy-skeletal.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, slow to rapid runoff; moderately rapid permeability in the volcanic ash layer and moderately slow below.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for timber production, wildlife habitat and recreation. Native vegetation is grand fir, Douglas-fir, ponderosa pine and western larch with an understory of pinegrass, Cascade Oregon grape, elksedge, vanilla leaf, princes pine and pinemat manzanita.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Yakima County, Washington. MLRA 6. The series is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wenatchee National Forest, Naches Area; Yakima County, Washington, 2003.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
Ochric epipedon - 1 to 4 inches (A horizon)
Andic soil properties - 1 to 23 inches (A, Bw1 and Bw2 horizons)
Cambic horizon - 4 to 23 inches (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons)
Argillic horizon - 23 to 47 inches (2Bt1 and 2Bt2 horizons)
PSCS - zone from 1 to 41 inches (A, Bw1, Bw2, 2Bt1 and upper 5 inches of the 2Bt2 horizon)
Depths to diagnostic horizons and features are measured from the top of the first mineral layer.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Partial laboratory data is available for a similar pedon in this series. Yakima Indian Nation soils laboratory; sample number 62D-35-2.