LOCATION SATUS WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, frigid Andic Haploxeralfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Satus stony ashy loam- forested on a 43 percent east-facing backslope at an elevation of 3,280 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are apparent field textures.)
Oi--0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed needles and twigs.
A1--1 to 5 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) very stony ashy loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; l5 percent gravel and l2 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.2); NaF pH 10.3; clear smooth boundary.
A2--5 to 10 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) gravelly ashy loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and few fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 20 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); NaF pH 10.2; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 7 to 14 inches)
2AB--10 to 20 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) gravelly loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium roots; many very fine irregular pores; 25 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.2); NaF pH 9.1; clear wavy boundary. (7 to l4 inches thick)
2Btl--20 to 34 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) very gravelly loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine irregular and few very fine tubular pores; few faint clay films in pores; 45 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); NaF pH 9.1; clear wavy boundary. (l0 to 22 inches thick)
2Bt2--34 to 43 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) very gravelly loam, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) moist; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; common very fine irregular and few very fine tubular pores; few distinct clay films in pores; 45 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary. (0 to l6 inches thick)
2Bt3--43 to 61 inches; light reddish brown (5YR 6/3) very gravelly loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common fine irregular pores; few faint clay films in pores; 60 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 5.8); NaF pH 8.9.
TYPE LOCATION: Klickitat County, Washington; about 8 miles north of Goldendale; 200 feet west of the northeast corner of section l5, T. 5 N., R. l6 E.; Latitude 45 degrees, 55 minutes, 36 seconds N. and Longitude 120 degrees, 46 minutes, 54 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature is 42 to 46 degrees F. The soil moisture control section is dry in all parts for 60 to 75 consecutive days within the 4 months that follow the summer solstice in 6 or more years out of 10. Volcanic ash influence is 7 to 14 inches thick and has an estimated moist bulk density of 0.65 to 0.90 g/cc, volcanic glass content of 15 to 30 percent, acid oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half iron of 1.0 to 2.0 percent, phosphate retention of 50 to 75 percent, and 15 bar water retention of 8 to 12 percent. Rock fragments in the control section range from 20 to 50 percent. The weighted average ranges from 35 to 50 percent with 0 to 10 percent cobbles, stones, and boulders. It has 10 to 18 percent clay. Below 40 inches rock fragments range from 40 to 60 percent and include 0 to 10 percent cobbles and stones.
The A horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist and chroma of 2 or 3 dry and moist.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6 dry and chroma of 3 or 4 dry and moist. Texture is very gravelly loam or very gravelly silt loam. Reaction is moderately acid or slightly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Buckhill (T), Goshawk (T), McDanielake (T) and Rendovy (T) series. Soils with a similar classification and mixed mineralogy are the Boundary, Gosch, and Weste series. Buckhill soils have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, 30 to 60 percent glass in the 7 to 14 inch ash mantle and are dominated by 35 to 50 percent rounded rock fragments of glacial till origin. Goshawk soils are 20 to 40 inches to a lithic contact (andesite) and have 30 to 60 percent glass in the 7 to 14 inch ash mantle. McDanialake soils have 25 to 40 percent phosphate retention and more than 25 percent volcanic glass in the 7 to 14 inch ash mantle, and have 18 to 35 percent clay in the control section. Rendovy soils have 30 to 60 percent glass in the 7 to 14 inch ash mantle, have 18 to 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section and have hue of 10YR in the Bt horizon. Boundary soils have a Bk horizon at 23 to 35 inches. Gosch soils are 40 to 60 inches to a paralithic contact (andesite) and are dry for 75 to 90 consecutive days. Weste soils are 20 to 40 inches deep to a lithic contact (basalt) and are dry for 90 or more consecutive days.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Satus soils are on mountain side slopes at elevations of 3,200 to 4,500 feet. Slopes are 5 to 60 percent. Satus soils formed in residuum and colluvium from basalt with a thin mantle of volcanic ash. Summers are cool and dry; winters are cold and moist, with snow cover from December through April. The mean annual precipitation is 25 to 35 inches. The average January temperature is 22 degrees F. and average July temperature is 59 degrees F. The mean temperature is 40 to 46 degrees F. The frost-free season is 80 to 110 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Grandpon, Maydol, Pird, and Suta soils. Grandpon soils are on mountains and have a volcanic ash influence 25 to 35 inches thick with andic soil properties. Maydol soils are on plateaus and have a mollic epipedon and are mesic. Pird soils are on mountains and are cryic. Suta soils are on canyon side slopes and are mesic.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for timber production, livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, and recreation. Native vegetation is mainly Douglas-fir, grand fir, ponderosa pine and western larch, with an understory of pinegrass, prince's pine, common snowberry, elk sedge, snowbrush ceanothus, and oceanspray.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Klickitat and Yakima Counties, Washington. MLRA 6. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Klickitat County, Washington, 2003.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Umbric epipedon - the zone from 1 to 10 inches
Cambic horizon - the zone from 10 to 20 inches
Andic soil properties - the zone from 01 to 10 inches with mixed mineralogy
Argillic horizon - the zone from 20 to 61 inches with isotic mineralogy.
Depth to diagnostic horizons and features are measured from the top of the first mineral layer.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Partial laboratory data available for this soil, NSSL pedon number 87P0062.