LOCATION RYKER IN+KYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Typic Paleudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Ryker silt loam on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 232 meters (760 feet) above MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 30 cm or 3 to 12 inches thick)
BE--15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 20 cm or 0 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--30 to 69 cm (12 to 27 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--69 to 97 cm (27 to 38 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt coatings on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 43 to 71 cm or 17 to 28 inches.)
2Bt3--97 to 147 cm (38 to 58 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films in pores and on faces of peds; few distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt coatings on faces of peds; 3 percent fine gravel: very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt4--147 to 170 cm (58 to 67 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films in pores and on faces of peds; common prominent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt coatings in channels; 3 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 61 to more than 102 cm or 24 to more than 40 inches.)
3Bt5--170 to 203 cm (67 to 80 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty clay; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay films in pores and on faces of peds; common prominent light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt coatings in channels; 5 percent fine gravel; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Jefferson County, Indiana; about 2 miles south of Hanover; 950 feet south and 2,000 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 24, T. 3 N., R. 9 E. USGS Madison West topographic quad sheet; lat. 38 degrees 41 minutes 31 seconds N. and long. 085 degrees 28 minutes 05 seconds W; NAD 27. UTM Zone 16, 633234 easting and 4283719 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 152 to more than 203 cm (60 to more than 80 inches)
Depth to a lithic contact: 152 to more than 203 cm (60 to more than 80 inches)
Thickness of the loess: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 15 to 26 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral
A horizon (2 to 5 inches thick), where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 15 to 20 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 22 to 32 percent
Sand content: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction: commonly very strongly acid or strongly acid, and ranges to neutral in the upper part
2Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: commonly loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam and less commonly silt loam
Clay content: 22 to 38 percent
Sand content: 10 to 35 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid
Rock fragment content: 2 to 14 percent gravel
3Bt horizon or 3BC horizon, where present:
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: silty clay or clay
Clay content: 40 to 75 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid in the upper part, and ranges to neutral in the lower part
Rock fragment content: 2 to 14 percent gravel and cobbles (chert and limestone)
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Crider, Hootentown, Navilleton, Peridge, Stinesville and Winnipeg series. Crider soils average less than 10 percent sand in all parts of the argillic horizon. Hootentown soils average less than 40 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Navilleton soils have slower permeability in the lower part of the series control section. Peridge soils have hue of redder than 7.5YR in the upper part of the argillic horizon. Stinesville soils do not have rock fragments above a depth of 102 cm (40 inches).
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Ryker soils are on summits, shoulders, and backslopes of dissected till plains and in sinkholes (karst landscapes). Slopes range from 0 to 18 percent. Ryker soils formed in loess and the underlying glacial drift and residuum from limestone. The glacial drift is considered to be from the Illinoian or Kansan stage. Indurated limestone bedrock is typically within a depth of 4 meters (12 feet). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1168 mm (40 to 46 inches) and mean annual temperature ranges from 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F). Frost-free days range from 170 to 200.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Caneyville, Cincinnati, Grayford, Muscatatuck (T), Nabb, and Stinesville soils. The moderately deep Caneyville soils are on typically on the lower part of backslopes of hills. The well drained, less permeable Cincinnati and moderately well drained Nabb soils are on slightly higher lying summits, shoulders and backslopes of till plains. The well drained, deep Grayford soils are on similar shoulder and backslope positions as Ryker soils, and are often complexes with Ryker soils. The moderately well drained, less permeable Muscatatuck soils are on similar landform positions as Ryker soils. The well drained, more silty Stinesville soils are on similar landform positions as Ryker soils.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers/s). Permeability is moderate. The potential for surface water runoff is low or medium.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of nearly level and gently sloping Ryker soils are used for growing corn, soybeans, wheat, and hay. The steeper slopes are dominantly in pasture or forest. Native vegetation is mixed, deciduous hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Indiana, and north central Kentucky. The series is of moderate extent, and mainly in MLRAs 114A and 114B.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Monroe County, Indiana, 1979.
REMARKS: Diagnostic surface and subsurface horizons recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon- the zone from 0 to 15 cm or 0 to 6 inches (Ap horizon);
2) Argillic horizon- the zone from 30 to 203 cm or 12 to 80 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, 2Bt4, 3Bt5 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data for the typical pedon S76IN77-10 is available from the Agricultural Experiment Station at Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.