LOCATION READING            KS 

READING SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Reading silty clay loam - in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly plastic and slightly sticky; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--15 to 36 centimeters (6 to 14 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly plastic and slightly sticky; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons is 25 to 51 centimeters (10 to 20 inches) thick)

Bt1--36 to 56 centimeters (14 to 22 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky and angular blocky structure; hard, firm, plastic and sticky; few distinct patchy continuous clay films on face of peds; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2--56 to 102 centimeters (22 to 40 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky and angular blocky structure; hard, firm, plastic and sticky; common distinct continuous clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary

Bt3--102 to 142 centimeters (40 to 56 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, plastic and sticky; few distinct patchy clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; diffuse boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 51 to 140 centimeters (20 to 55 inches) thick)

C--142 to 203 centimeters (56 to 80 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; massive; hard, firm, plastic and sticky; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Shawnee County, Kansas; 0.3 kilometers (0.2 miles) east of the Shawnee-Wabaunsee County line on Kansas Highway #4; 366 meters (1,200 feet) east and 774 meters (2,540 feet) south of the northwest corner, sec. 35, T. 12 S., R. 13 E; USGS Dover Topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 57 minutes 53 seconds N., long. 95 degrees 56 minutes 33 seconds W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to argillic horizon: 25 to 51 centimeters (10 to 20 inches)
Depth to calcium carbonate: 102 to 203 centimeters (40 to 80 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 41 to 86 centimeters (16 to 34 inches)
Depth to redox concentrations: 91 to 127 centimeters (36 to 50 inches)
In some pedons, there may be dark yellowish brown iron-manganese concentrations.
Some pedons may have a BC Horizon.
Particle-size control section (weighted average): 36 to 86 centimeters (14 to 34 inches)
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 20 to 32 percent
Reaction: 5.6 to 7.2

Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: silty clay loam
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent
Reaction: 5.6 to 7.8

BC horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Reaction: 5.6 to 7.8

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: 5.6 to 8.4

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Barremills, Cotter and Troxel series.
Barremills soils the mean annual temperature ranges from 8 to 11 degrees C. (47 to 51 degrees F.) and have a frequently saturated zone at a depth of 1 meter during the wettest periods of normal years.
The Cotter soils contain less than 27 percent clay in the C horizons.
Troxel soils contain 0 to 20 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the solum.
Wiota soils do not have carbonates above 203 centimeters (80 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: silty material derived from alluvium
Landform: floodplain step or low terrace
Flooding: rare to very rare
Slopes: 0 to 2 percent
Range of mean annual temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C. (54 to 58 degrees F.)
Range of mean annual precipitation: 76 to 91 centimeters (30 to 36 inches)
Precipitation pattern: udic
Frost-free period: 170 to 190 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chase, Ivan, Kennebec, Muscotah, Rossville, Stranger, and Wabash soils.
The Chase soils are somewhat poorly drained and are lower on the floodplain.
Kennebec and Ivan soils are on tributary flood plains.
Muscotah soils are somewhat poorly drained and are lower on the floodplain.
Rossville soils do not have an argillic horizon.
Stranger soils are sandy.
Wabash soils are poorly drained sit lower on the floodplain.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: well or moderately well
Runoff: low
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of the soils are cultivated.
The principle crops are corn, wheat, sorghum, soybeans and alfalfa.
Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses and a few deciduous trees.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern and Central parts of Eastern Kansas LRR M; MLRA 106. The series is extensive.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Riley County, Kansas, l970.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: 36 to 86 centimeters (14 to 34 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizons)
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 102 centimeters (0 to 40 inches) (Ap, A, Bt1, Bt2 horizons)
Argillic horizon: 36 to 142 centimeters (14 to 56 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizons)
Other features: Some areas have lighter textured subsoil and some have heavier textured subsoil.
12/00 BCE, JCR
Range of Characteristics: Changed the "Depth to redox concentrations" back to the original series concept. Added a statement, that some pedons may have a BC Horizon.
Updated the competing series section
Restated ranges for mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Laboratory data is available from the Lincoln, Nebraska, National Soil Survey Laboratory on Pedon S7lKans-23-2. Laboratory Nos.; Kansas State University Pedology Laboratory: 95KS087008; (SS862-868), 94KS087013; (SS1568-1572), 95KS177022; (SS855-861), 96KS045101; (SS1143-1149), 96KS197021; (SS1124-1130), 97KS091001; (SS1270-1277).

Modified format by LRM in 3/2006 to include metric conversion and change permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity.