LOCATION RAYNE PA+KY MD NY OH VA WVEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Rayne silt loam, 3 to 8 percent slopes on a northwest facing slope at an elevation of 1650 feet - idle (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap1--0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2); moderate coarse granular structure; friable; many roots; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (4 to 11 inches thick)
Ap2--4 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate coarse granular structure, friable; many roots; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
BE--8 to 11 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) silt loam; moderate medium platy structure; friable; many roots; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--11 to 17 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common roots; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
Bt2--17 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 10 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
Bt3--25 to 36 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery silty clay loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few faint clay films on faces of peds; 20 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
BC--36 to 44 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) channery silty clay loam; few faint pale brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; very firm, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few faint clay films and dark iron manganese coats; 20 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 15 inches thick)
C1--44 to 48 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) channery silty clay loam; common medium distinct light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) mottles; coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; a few dark iron manganese films on faces of prisms; 30 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (4 to 20 inches thick)
C2--48 to 54 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very channery silt loam; 50 to 75 percent shale, sandstone and siltstone fragments 3 to 10 inches in size, very strongly acid. (4 to 15 inches thick)
R--54 inches; bedrock - sandstone.
TYPE LOCATION: Jefferson County, Pennsylvania; Union Township, 3/4 mile east of Corsica; 600 feet east and 220 feet south of intersection of US 322 and T334; USGS Corsica Quadrangle, Latitude 41 degrees, 10 minutes, 40 seconds N , Longitude 79 degrees 11 minutes, 23 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 38 to 60 inches. Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 30 to 40 inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 72 inches. Rock fragments are shale, siltstone or sandstone. Rock fragment content increases with depth; it ranges from 0 to 40 percent in the A, BA, and Bt horizons and 15 to 90 percent in the BC and C horizons. Reaction is strongly or very strongly acid throughout unless the soil has been limed.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Dry value is 6 or more. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silt loam or loam.
The BE horizon, where present, has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Texture of the fine earth fraction is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam or clay loam.
The B horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is loam, silt loam, clay loam or silty clay loam. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or blocky, often arranged in prisms. Some pedons have lithochromic mottles in the B and C horizons.
The BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 8. It is loam, silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam in the fine-earth fraction.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 4 to 8 and chroma of 1 to 8. Texture of the fine-earth fraction ranges from sandy loam to silty clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: Arcola, Bedington, Bucks, Collington, Edgemont, Edneytown, Freehold, Gilpin, Gladstone, Joanna, Leedsville, Millstone, Pennval, Pigeonroost, Pineville, Shelocta, Syenite, and Wist soils are in the same family. Bedington, Bucks and Quakertown soils have Bt horizons with hue redder than 7.5YR. Collington and Freehold soils are coastal Plain soils. Edgemont soils are developed in quartzitic residuum. Edneytown soils have rock fragments of quartz, granite or gneiss. Gladstone soils weathered from granitic gneiss. Joanna soils have Bt horizons with hue redder than 7.5YR throughout. Leedsville soils formed in Triassic-Jurassic interbedded sandstone and conglomerate. Millstone and Shelocta soils have argillic horizons that extend below 40 inches. Pennval and Pineville soils developed in colluvium. Pigeonroost soils have paralithic contact 20 to 40 inches below the surface. Gilpin and Syenite soils have bedrock at depths of less than 40 inches. Wist soils have a water table at a depth of 42 to 72 inches.
Albemarle, Arendtsville, Butano, Chester, Elsinboro, Eubanks, Ezel, Meadowville, and Nixon may become competitor as their classification is updated to the ninth edition of soil taxonomy. Albemarle soils have rock fragments of quartz and arkosic sandstone. Butano soils have bedrock at depths of less than 40 inches. Arendtsville, Eubanks, and Nixon soils have Bt horizons with hue redder than 7.5YR throughout. Chester soils have rock fragments of quartz, granite or gneiss. Ezel soils have water-worn coarse fragments. Elsinboro soils have rounded rock fragments. Meadowville soils have rock fragments of quartz pebbles and contain mica.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Rayne soils are on ridge tops and hillsides with slope gradients of 0 to 60 percent, but commonly 3 to 15 percent. The soils have formed in a regolith weathered from interbedded shale, siltstone and some fine grained sandstone. Climate is continental with cool winters and warm summers. Mean annual air temperatures range from 45 to 57 degrees F., and mean annual rainfall ranges from 35 to 45 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Berks, Cavode, Dekalb, Muskingum, Wharton, and the competing Gilpin and Shelocta soils. The Berks, Dekalb, and Muskingum soils do not have argillic horizons. Cavode soils have more than 35 percent clay. Wharton soils have low chroma redoximorphic features in the upper 24 inches of the argillic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to high. The permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: About half of the soil is cleared and used for corn, wheat, other small grain, hay and pasture; abandoned land is growing up to second growth pines and hardwoods. Forests of hardwoods, mostly oaks, cover about one-fourth of the acreage.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The soil occurs in the sandstone and shale areas of Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. The series is of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Indiana County, Pennsylvania, 1931.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon are: a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 11 inches (Ap and BA horizons). b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 11 to 36 inches (Bt horizon).