LOCATION QUINN INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Endoaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Quinn loam, on a less than 1 percent slope in a forested area at an elevation of 728 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 6 inches thick)
E--4 to 7 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) loam; weak thick platy structure; friable; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) worm casts and fills in old root channels; common iron and manganese oxide concretions; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Btg1--7 to 12 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds and as linings in pores; many medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common iron and manganese oxide concretions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
Btg2--12 to 19 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films in old root channels, as linings in pores, and on faces of peds; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; many medium iron and manganese oxide concretions; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 12 inches thick)
Btg3--19 to 27 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm; common distinct silt coatings on faces of peds and as linings in pores; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; many medium iron and manganese oxide concretions; few gravel and shale fragments (5 to 10 percent); very strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. (6 to 16 inches thick)
Btg4--27 to 42 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam; weak coarse prismatic structure, friable; pockets of loamy sand; common faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films as linings in pores; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; many medium iron and manganese oxide concretions; few gravel and fine shale fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick)
Btg5--42 to 47 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint gray (10YR 5/1) clay films as linings in pores and on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; common iron and manganese oxide concretions; few gravel and fine shale fragments (5 to 10 percent); strongly acid; clear broken boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Cg--47 to 72 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand and sand; single grain; loose; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 5 to 20 percent gravel and shale fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C--72 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand and gravelly sand; single grain; loose; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 to 20 percent gravel and shale fragments; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: St. Joseph County, Indiana; about 3 1/2 miles southeast of New Carlisle along Edison Road; 380 feet west and 240 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 5, T. 37 N., R. 1 E.; U.S.G.S. Lydick, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 41 minutes 35.3 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 25 minutes 46.56 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 547464 easting and 4615870 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 40 to 60 inches
Reaction: typically very strongly or strongly acid in the solum but individual horizons in some pedons are moderately acid
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1
Texture: loam, sandy loam, or silt loam
Ap horizon: (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, sandy loam, or loam
Thickness: 6 to 10 inches
E horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, sandy loam, or silt loam
Btg horizon: (upper part)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam or sandy loam; individual horizons in some pedons are clay loam or sandy clay loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent
Btg horizon: (lower part)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: stratified sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or loamy sand, or their gravelly analogues
Rock fragment content: 5 to 20 percent
Cg or C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: loamy sand or sand, or their gravelly or very gravelly analogues
Rock fragment content: commonly 5 to 30 percent but ranges to more than 40 percent in some pedons; dominantly of shale
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Similar soils in closely related families are the Morocco, Pinhook, and Tedrow series. Morocco and Tedrow soils do not have an argillic horizon and are mixed, mesic Aquic Udipsamments. Pinhook soils have an A horizon more than 6 inches thick with value of 3 or less and are coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Endoaqualfs.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Quinn soils formed in outwash that is moderately high in shale and low in carbonates and are on outwash plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 52 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 38 inches, frost-free period ranges from 130 to 170 days, and elevation ranges from 580 to 1,020 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Alida, Coupee, Door, Hanna, Lydick, and Tracy soils. The Quinn soils are the poorly drained member of a drainage sequence that includes the moderately well drained Hanna soils and the well drained Tracy soils. The Alida, Coupee, Door, and Lydick soils formed in similar materials and are closely associated. The somewhat poorly drained Alida soils are on slightly higher swells. The well drained Coupee, Door, and Lydick soils are on higher lying swells, summits, and backslopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderate in the loamy outwash and rapid or very rapid in the underlying sandy and gravelly outwash. The depth to the top of a perched seasonal high water table is within 1 foot of the surface for some time in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are predominantly cropped, but a few areas are wooded. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and legume-grass mixtures are the principal crops. Native vegetation is mixed forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 98 in northern Indiana and possibly southwestern Michigan. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Joseph County, Indiana, 1945.
REMARKS: Most of the soils published as Willvale in older surveys are within the range of the Quinn series. The Willvale series is presently inactive.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to 7 inches (A, E)
Argillic horizon: from 7 to 47 inches (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, Btg4, Btg5)
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features present in all horizons between 4 to 80 inches
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 401633 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 401779 represents the sandy loam surface phase.
ADDITIONAL DATA: The Beltsville laboratory personnel sampled two profiles of Quinn soils for characterization in 1970. Classification was changed from fine-loamy to coarse-loamy based on the laboratory characterization and further field study.
Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S70IN-141-002) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory in Lincoln, NE. Transect data (T00IN-141-050) for the typical pedon is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 40 percent Quinn soils, 20 percent wet Alida soils, 30 percent Auten soils, and 10 percent Bourbon soils.