LOCATION PUCHYAN WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Arenic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Puchyan loamy fine sand - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 910 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 11 inches thick)
Bw1--9 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--13 to 27 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bw horizons ranges from 10 to 30 inches.)
2Bt1--27 to 30 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt2--30 to 36 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons ranges from 3 to 10 inches.)
3Bt3--36 to 46 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 30 inches.)
3C--46 to 54 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; massive; friable; firm in places; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
4C--54 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loam; massive; 18 percent gravel and 4 percent cobbles; friable, firm in places; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Dodge County, Wisconsin; 4 miles northeast of Columbus; 2,470 feet south and 100 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 11 N., R. 13 E. USGS Lost Lake, Wisconsintopographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 23 minutes 38 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 56 minutes 39 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the sandy mantle ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 36 to 60 inches. Thickness of the loess or other silty deposits is 15 inches or more. Depth to till and to carbonates is 50 inches or more. Rock fragments typically are absent in the sandy mantle, in the loamy transition, and in the loess. Volume of gravel ranges from 5 to 20 percent in the till and volume of cobbles from 1 to 10 percent. Reaction naturally ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid in the sandy mantle but ranges to slightly alkaline, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the loamy transition and in the loess and is mildly or moderately alkaline in the till. Redox features and saturation occur within a depth of 40 inches.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR and value and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is loamy fine sand or fine sand.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is is loamy fine sand or fine sand.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4. Texture is loamor fine sandy loam with an average clay content ranging from 10 to 18 percent and more than 40 percent fine sand or coarser.
The 3Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y and value and chroma of 3 or 4. It is silt loam with clay content ranging from about 12 to 20 percent, and sand content ranging from 5 to about 20 percent.
The 3C horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is silt loam.
The 4C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs. Some pedons, do not have a 4C horizon within 6 feet.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Puchyan soils are on moraines in association with soils formed in glacial till. Slope ranges from 2 to 12 percent. Puchyan soils formed in sandy eolian deposits, in a loamy transition layer, and in loess or other silty deposits which, in turn, are underlain by loamy glacial till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 32 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 53 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Kidder,
McHenry, and
Dodge soils. Puchyan soils are on gently sloping or sloping areas in the upland near the well drained
Miami, McHenry, and Dodge soils. These soils are in areas where there is a silty mantle.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low or very low. Permeability is rapid in the sandy mantle and moderate in the underlying deposits. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table within a depth of 40 inches for one month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of these soils are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grains, and hay , as well as canning crops such as snap beans, peas, and sweet corn. Native vegetation is deciduous forest. Common trees are black oak, bur oak, and hickory.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Wisconsin. The Puchyan soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Columbia County, Wisconsin, 1972.
REMARKS: This soil formerly was called Rio and later, Columbus series.
11/04 5400 acres have been correlated in three surveys. The typical pedons in all three surveys have redox features above 40 inches. Therefore, this revision changes the concept of th series to moderately well drained only (Arenic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Ochric epipedon - 0 to 9 inches (Ap); Argillic horizon - 27 to 46 inches (2Bt1, 2Bt2, and 3Bt3); Arenic feature - loamy fine sand or coarser in all horizons from the soil surface to the top of the argillic at a depth of 27 inches (Ap, Bw1, Bw2); oxyaquic feature redox accumulations and saturation within a depth of 40 inches.