LOCATION PERRIN MI+OHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Perrin loamy sand - on a west-facing slope of about 2 percent in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy sand; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 3 percent pebbles, medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
E--8 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 3 percent pebbles; medium acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bt1--14 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; 5 percent pebbles; thin clay films on faces of peds; medium acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--25 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; 5 percent pebbles; thin clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (The combined thickness of the B2t horizon is 8 to 26 inches.)
2C--32 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly sand; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; single grain; loose; 45 percent pebbles; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Ionia County, Michigan, about 3 1/2 miles south of Ionia, 2,450 feet east and 375 feet south of the northwest corner of section 7, T. 6 N., R. 6 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum is 24 to 40 inches and corresponds to the depth to carbonates. Coarse fragments range from 3 to 25 percent by volume in the solum and from 10 to 50 percent in the 2C horizon. The solum ranges from slightly acid to mildly alkaline.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. The value dry is 6 or more. Some pedons have an A horizon, 1 to 3 inches thick, that has hue of 10YR; value of 3 or 4; and chroma of 1 or 2. The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A and E horizons are loamy sand or sandy loam.
Some pedons have a Ba horizon. The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 3 to 5. It is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or the gravelly analogues of these textures. If sandy clay loam, it is less than 10 inches thick and the control section averages less than 18 percent clay. Some pedons have BC horizons.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is typically very gravelly sand or gravelly sand, but ranges to coarse sand or fine gravel.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alvin, Boyer, Burnsville, Council, Dryden, Eleva, Elmdale, Hillsdale, Lamont, Lapeer, Mecan, Oshtemo, and Wyocena series in the same family and Coloma, Ionia, Kalamazoo, and Spinks series. All of these series except Council, Elmdale, and Ionia do not have low chroma mottles in the lower part of the Bt horizon. In addition, the Alvin, Burnsville, and Oshtemo soils have thicker and more acid sola; Dryden, Hillsdale, Lamont, Lapeer, Mecan, and Wyocena soils are without gravelly sand above depths of 40 inches; Coloma and Spinks soils have less clay in their sola and have argillic horizons consisting of thin lamellae; and Kalamazoo soils are fine-loamy. Council and Elmdale soils do not have sand and gravel above a depth of 40 inches. Ionia soils are fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Perrin soils are on outwash plains, valley trains, and ground moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. They formed in outwash that is high in quartz. Mean annual precipitation is 29 to 37 inches, the mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F, and the mean summer temperature is about 70 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Boyer, Coloma, Elmdale, Gilford, Hillsdale, Kalamazoo, Oshtemo, Spinks, and Wasepi soils. The well drained competing Boyer soils, the somewhat poorly drained Wasepi soils, and the very poorly drained Gilford soils are in the same drainage sequence. The competing Coloma, Kalamazoo, Oshtemo, and Spinks soils are on nearby outwash plains and valley trains, and the competing Coloma, Elmdale, and Hillsdale soils are on nearby low moraines.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is slow. Permeability is moderately rapid in the A and B horizons and very rapid in the 2C horizon.
USE AND VEGETATION: A large amount is cropped to beans, corn, hay, and small grains. Lesser amounts are in permanent pasture or woodland. The original vegetation was forest of basswood, beech, hickories, maples, and oaks.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Michigan and northern Ohio. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ionia County, Michigan, 1965.
REMARKS: Classification changed to agree with ST Issue #17 on 2 SEpt 94 by CLG.