LOCATION PANAK WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, isotic, frigid Vitrandic Haploxeralfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Panak ashy loam - forested on a 15 percent northwest-facing mountain summit at an elevation of 2,440 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 7 inches; reddish brown (5YR 5/3) ashy loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; common very fine and fine roots; many fine irregular pores; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear wavy boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
BA--7 to 19 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine roots; many fine irregular and common fine tubular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 13 inches thick)
Bt1--19 to 31 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine, few medium roots; common fine and medium tubular pores; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (10 to 15 inches thick)
Bt2--31 to 42 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, few fine and medium roots; few fine tubular pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 12 inches thick)
Bt3--42 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) gravelly clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; strong medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; few fine tubular pores; many distinct clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 15 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4).
TYPE LOCATION: Klickitat County, Washington, 6 miles south of Glenwood about 1,100 feet north and 100 feet east of the southwest corner, section 10, T. 5 N., R. 12 E. Latitude 45 degrees 55 minutes 53 seconds N., and Longitude 121 degrees 18 minutes 00 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature is 45 to 47 degrees F. These soils are usually moist but are dry in the moisture control section for 45 to 60 consecutive days following solstice. Volcanic ash influence is 7 to 14 inches thick and has an estimated moist bulk density of 1.10 to 1.45 g/cc, volcanic glass content of 5 to 30 percent, acid oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half iron of 1.0 to 2.0 percent, phosphate retention of 50 to 75 percent, and 15 bar water retention of 8 to 12 percent. The control section has 0 to 40 percent basalt pararock fragments and 0 to 20 percent basalt rock fragments. Clay content in the control section ranges from 18 to 30 percent. Reaction is moderately acid or slightly acid throughout.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist and chroma of 2 or 3 dry and moist. Texture is ashy loam or cobbly ashy loam.
The BA horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist and chroma of 4 to 6 dry and moist. Texture is loam or silt loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist and chroma of 4 to 6 dry and moist. Texture is loam, clay loam or gravelly clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ketchly, Kruse, McEwen, Nahahum, Nardmont, and Neuske series. The Seddow series has a similar classification with mixed mineralogy.
Ketchly series - dry for 60 to 75 consecutive days; umbric epipedon 10 to 20 inches thick
Kruse series - 0 to 75 percent rock fragments (weighted average less than 35 percent) with granite, gneiss,
or mica schist origin; acid oxalate extractable Al + 1/2
Fe of 0.4 to 1.0 percent
McEwen series - dry for 60 to 80 consecutive days; acid oxalate extractable Al + 1/2
Fe of 0.4 to 1.0
percent; 40 to 60 inches to GRV or GRX stratified materials
Nahahum series - dry for 60 to 75 consecutive days; acid oxalate extractable Al + 1/2
Fe of 0.4 to 1.0
percent
Nardmont series - acid oxalate extractable Al + 1/2
Fe of 0.4 to 1.0 percent; 5 to 25 percent rock fragments
of schist origin; albic horizon
Neuske series - dry for 60 to 75 consecutive days; acid oxalate extractable Al + 1/2
Fe of 0.4 to 1.0
percent; albic horizon
Seddow series - 40 to 60 inches to bedrock; 27 to 47 inches to skeletal materials
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Panak soils are on mountain summits and side slopes. Elevation is 2,000 to 3,000 feet, ranging to 1,500 feet on north aspects. Slopes are 5 to 65 percent. Panak soils formed in colluvium over residuum from basalt with an influence of volcanic ash in the surface. The climate is characterized by warm and dry summers and cold and wet winters with snow cover from November to May. The mean annual precipitation is 30 to 40 inches. The average January temperature is 26 degrees F. and the average July temperature is 65 degrees F. The mean annual temperature is 44 to 46 degrees F. The frost-free season is 90 to 110 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Beezee and McGowan soils. Beezee and McGowan soils are mesic.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to rapid runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly for timber production, livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, and recreation. Native vegetation is Douglas-fir, grand fir and ponderosa pine with an understory of common snowberry, western hazel, rose, vine maple, creambush oceanspray, Oregon-grape, trailing blackberry, Pacific dogwood, and bitter cherry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Klickitat County, Washington. MLRA 6. The series is of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Klickitat County, Washington, 2003.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the mineral surface to 7 inches
Argillic horizon - the zone from 19 to 60 inches
Isotic mineralogy - the zone from 0 to 60 inches having a 15 bar/clay ratio greater than 0.6 and NaF pH greater than 9
Particle-size control section - the zone from 19 to 39 inches
ADDITIONAL DATA: Partial laboratory data are available for this soil. NSSL pedon number 87P0060 and 78P0534 (samples as Chapot series).