LOCATION OZAUKEE WI+ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, illitic, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Ozaukee silt loam - on a 3 percent north-facing convex slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 1,015 feet above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--8 to 10 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak medium platy structure; friable; many fine roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
Bt1--10 to 13 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots; few faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organic stains on faces of peds; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary; (2 to 5 inches thick)
2Bt2--13 to 18 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate and strong medium angular blocky; firm; many fine roots; common faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organic stains on faces of peds; about 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt3--18 to 23 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; many fine roots; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) organic stains on faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel; neutral; gradual irregular boundary.
2Bt4--23 to 29 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) organic stains on vertical faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; gradual irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons ranges from 8 to 24 inches.)
2Cd--29 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; strongly effervescent; about 4 percent gravel; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Washington County, Wisconsin; about 5 miles southwest of West Bend; 150 feet west and 50 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 11, T. 10 N., R. 19 E.;USGS Jackson Wisconsin Topographic Quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 21 minutes 10 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 12 minutes 07 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon and soil development and depth to the densic contact ranges from 20 to 45 inches. Thickness of the loess mantle typically ranges from 6 to 18 inches but loess is absent in some severely eroded pedons. Carbonates are within 40 inches and are in the lower solum in some pedons. Rock fragments typically are few or absent in the loess. Rock fragments in the till are of mixed lithology but are mostly subangular or rounded dolomite fragments. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 1 percent in the loess and from 1 to 15 percent in the till. Volume of cobbles and stones ranges from 0 to 1 percent in the loess and from 0 to 10 percent in the till. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the solum and from neutral to moderately alkaline in the lower part. Reaction is moderately alkaline in the substratum. Saturation occurs within 40 inches and redox features typically occur there, also.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors with moist value of 3 have value dry of 6 or more. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture of the Ap or A is typically silt loam but is silty clay loam or clay loam in
severely eroded phases.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam.
The Bt1 horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam, or silty clay loam with less than 35 percent clay.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Chroma of 2 is below the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon. Texture is silty clay loam with 35 percent or more clay, silty clay, or clay.
Some pedons have a 2Btk horizon with color like the 2Bt horizon above. Texture is silty clay loam or clay loam with less than 35 percent clay.
The 2Cd horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is typically silty clay loam, but in some pedons it is clay loam. Clay content ranges from 27 to 35 percent and silt content averages more than 50 percent. Bulk density is more than 1.7 gm/cc.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Alexandria, Brushcreek, Lairdsville, Lucas, Morley, Schoharie, and St. Clair series. Alexandria and Morley soils average less than 50 percent silt content in the lower part of the series control section. Brushcreek and Lairdsville soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 60 inches. Lucas soils do not have rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section. Schoharie and St. Clair soils have more than 35 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 35 percent. These soils formed in thin loess and in the underlying loamy dense till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 37 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 52 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 145 to 180 days. Elevation ranges from 680 to 1150 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ashkum, Hochheim, Kewaunee, Manawa, Mequon, and Theresa soils. The somewhat poorly drained Mequon soils and the poorly drained Ashkum soils form a drainage sequence with Ozaukee soils. Where the silty clay loam till of the Ozaukee borders on reddish clay drift, the well drained and moderately well drained Kewaunee and somewhat poorly drained Manawa soils occur. The well drained Theresa and Hochheim soils are nearby where the silty clay loam till borders on till with a loam texture.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff Rangs from medium to very high. Permeability is slow. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 1.5 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: The less sloping areas are mostly used for cropland. Common crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. The more sloping areas are mostly used for pastureland and woodland. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest. Common trees are northern red oak, American basswood, white ash, and sugar maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Wisconsin and northeastern and east-central Illinois. This soil is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Milwaukee-Waukesha Counties, 1966.
REMARKS: A new typical pedon, which better reflects the drainage and classification, is needed.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 10 inches (Ap, E); argillic horizon - 10 to 23 inches (Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Bt4);
oxyaquic feature - saturation within 40 inches for 1 month per year in 6 or more out of 10 years; densic contact - 29 inches (2Cd).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Soil Survey Sample numbers 85WI089001 and 85WI131001 for NSSL data on two Ozaukee pedons. Refer to Soil Survey Sample numbers 85WI059003 and 85WI101004 for NSSL data sampled as Morley which now correlates to Ozaukee. All four pedons are also in Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 17 on pages 112-115 and 144-147.