LOCATION ONOVILLE NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, subactive, frigid Aquic Fragiudults
TYPICAL PEDON: Onoville silt loam, on a 15 percent slope in an idle grassy field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silt loam; moderate medium and fine granular structure; friable; many very fine, common fine and few medium roots; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
BE--8 to 16 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; and few medium roots; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron concentrations and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common fine pores; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
Bt--16 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium and fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and few fine roots; common coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron concentrations and common medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; common fine pores; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films in pores and on surfaces of peds; thin stone line at the bottom of this horizon, 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
2Btx1--22 to 32 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) channery loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse subangular blocky; firm, brittle; few fine roots along prism faces; many coarse distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron concentrations; many medium and coarse vesicular pores; common distinct clay films in pores and on some faces of peds; 20 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 27 inches thick)
2Btx2--32 to 59 inches, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) channery clay loam; moderate very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky; firm, brittle; many coarse distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron concentrations; common fine and medium vesicular pores; many prominent clay films on faces of ped and lining pores; common coarse very dark gray (N 3/ ) Fe-Mn concretions; thin stone line in lower part of horizon; 25 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
3Btx3--59 to 65 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery silty clay loam, weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to weak and moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, brittle; common coarse distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions; common fine pores; common prominent clay films in pores and on some surfaces of peds; common medium very dark gray (5YR 3/1) Fe-Mn concretions; 20 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Btx horizon is 20 to 50 inches).
3CB--65 to 78 inches; variegated dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery clay loam; weak very coarse prismatic structure; firm; common medium distinct pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) iron depletions in upper part; common fine prominent very dark gray (5YR 3/1) Fe-Mn concretions; common fine pores; few distinct silt coats in pores; 20 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
TYPE LOCATION: Cattaraugus County, New York; Town of Red House, 375 feet north of Bay State Road and 4010 feet west of English Stoddard Road; Allegany State Park. Latitude, 42 degrees, 3 minutes, 16 seconds N, Longitude 78 degrees, 46 minutes, 57 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 35 to 70 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches but commonly is within a depth of 100 inches. Rock fragments, dominantly gravel, channers and flagstones, range from 5 to 35 percent by volume in the surface layer, from 5 to 40 percent in the subsoil, and from 15 to 70 percent in the substratum. Reaction is very strongly acid or strongly acid throughout the soil unless limed. The substratum ranges from very strongly acid through moderately acid.
The A or Ap horizon has a hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam or loam in the fine earth fraction.
The BE horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or granular. Consistence is very friable or friable.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6, with redoximorphic features in the upper 10 inches of the horizon. Texture includes silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, and subhorizons of silty clay in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is subangular blocky or prismatic. Consistence is friable or firm.
The Btx horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7 and chroma of 2 to 8. It is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam or clay loam in the fine-earth fraction. Structure is prismatic and/or blocky. Some subhorizons have weak platy structure. Consistence is firm or very firm. Some pedons have a BC horizon that has color similar to the Btx horizon and texture similar to the C horizon. Structure is prismatic or platy, or the material is massive. Consistence is firm or very firm.
The CB horizon has hue of 7.5YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. Texture ranges from loam to clay. Consistence is friable or firm. AC horizon is in some pedons where structure is platy or the horizon is massive. In other pedons a Cr horizon is present just above the bedrock.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
The Kert, Meadland, Milladore, Point, Paget, and Rietbrock series are in the related families. Kert, Meadland, Milladore, Point, and Rietbrock soils have tongues of albic material in the argillic horizon and except for Kert all have formed from weathered igneous and metamorphic bedrock. Paget soils have a coarse-loamy particle size control section. Gilpin, Dekalb, and Blairton soils are related series that have bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Onoville soils are nearly level to moderately steep and are on hilltops, ridgetops, benches, lower hillsides and foot slopes. Slope ranges from 0 to 25 percent. The soil developed in colluvium or residuum weathered from interbedded shale, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone. Mean annual temperature ranges from 40 to 46 F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, and the growing season ranges from 90 to 120 days. These soils are mostly at elevations of 1800 to 2400 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Onoville soils are the moderately well drained member of a drainage sequence that includes the well drained Kinzua soils. The Carrollton, Frewsburg, Brinkerton, Ernest, Wharton, and Schuyler soils are on associated landscapes. Carrollton and Frewsburg soils have bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Brinkerton, Ernest, Wharton and Schuyler soils are at a lower elevation and have mesic temperatures regimes. Schuyler soils developed in glacial till.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is medium to rapid. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and upper part of the subsoil, and moderately slow or slow in the fragipan and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: The lesser sloping areas are used for corn, small grain, hay and pasture. Abandoned idle land is in second growth hardwoods. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods of red and white oaks, sugar maple, beech and white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Unglaciated areas in the Appalachian Plateau of southwestern New York at elevations above 1800 feet. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Chautauqua County, New York 1988.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 16 inches (Ap and BE horizons).
b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 16 to 65 inches (Bt and Btx horizons).
c. Fragipan - the zone from 22 to 65 inches (2Btx1, 2Btx2, and 3Btx3 horizons).
d. Aquic subgroup - as evidenced by redoximorphic features in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon (Bt horizon).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data is available for the typical pedon from the Cornell University Soil Survey Laboratory. Pedon number S84NY009-05.