LOCATION OMRO WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey over loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Omro clay loam - on a northwest-facing convex slope of 4 percent cropped to corn at an elevation of about 790 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 13 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; common worm casts of Ap material; about 5 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--13 to 20 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; strong very fine angular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many faint clay films on faces of peds; about 8 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--20 to 28 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; common fine roots; many faint clay films on faces of peds; about 8 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 13 to 27 inches.)
BC--28 to 36 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine pink (5YR 7/4) soft carbonate accumulations; about 8 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
2C--36 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly fine sandy loam; massive; very friable; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix in the upper part; about 25 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Winnebago County, Wisconsin; about 3 miles south of Oshkosh; about 1,150 feet south and 400 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 18, T. 17 N., R. 17 E. USGS Van Dyne, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 56 minutes 55 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 31 minutes 20 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic and to the base of soil development ranges from 24 to 39 inches and commonly is thicker than the depth to carbonates. Thickness of the clayey till and depth to loamy till ranges from 24 to 39 inches. The clayey part of the particle-size control section averages 40 to 65 percent clay and 4 to 20 percent fines sand or coarser. The loamy part of the particle-size control section averages 3 to 15 percent clay and 50 to 75 percent total sand. Volume of gravel ranges from 1 to 10 percent in the clayey till. Volume of gravel ranges from 10 to 50 percent and volume of cobbles or stones from 0 to 5 percent in the loamy till. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral in the upper part of the clayey deposit and from neutral to moderately alkaline in the lower part. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline in the loamy till. Redox features and saturation occur within a depth of 40 inches for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
The Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Dry color value exceeds 5.5. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture of the Ap or A horizon is clay loam or loam.
Some pedons have an E horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR; value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3.
Texture is clay loam or silty clay loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is mostly clay or silty clay, but subhorizons with texture of clay loam or silty clay loam are in some pedons.
Some pedons have a C horizon with color and texture like the B horizon.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or gravelly or very gravelly analogs.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Related series in other families are Borth, Kewaunee, and Kolberg. Borth soils are Sandy in the lower part of the series control section. Kewaunee soils are clayey throughout the series control section. Kolberg soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Omro soils are on ground moraines. Slope ranges from 1 to 12 percent. These soils formed in calcareous, clayey till overlying calcareous, loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 32 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Kewaunee soils and the Hochheim, Manawa, and Poygan soils. Kewaunee soils occupy similar positions on the landscape. Hochheim soils occupy similar positions on the landscape where the underlying loamy till was not buried by the more recently deposited reddish clayey till. The B horizon of Hochheim soils contains more sand and less clay. The somewhat poorly drained Manawa and poorly drained Poygan soils occupy drainageways that separate higher areas of Omro soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is high or very high. Permeability is moderately slow or slow in the clayey till and moderate in the loamy till. These soils have an apparent seasonal high water table at a depth of 2 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is used for cropland. Common crops are corn, oats, and alfalfa. Small areas are used for pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous forest. Common trees are sugar maple, northern red oak, American basswood, and white ash.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Wisconsin. The Omro soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Winnebago County, Wisconsin, 1975.
REMARKS: This soil was mapped as inclusions of the Kewaunee series in adjacent counties to Winnebago County.
11/04 4700 acres with a well drained typical pedon were correlated as a temperature taxadjunct in Door County, WI because they are in the frigid temperature zone. A new series is needed.
11/04 3020 acres are correlated in Kewaunee County, WI where the well drained typical pedon has a glossic horizon (Haplic Glossudalf). A new series is needed.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 8 inches (Ap); argillic horizon - 8 to 28 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3); Oxyaquic feature redox accumulations and saturation within 40 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey sample number S75WI-139-001 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.