LOCATION NEWLANDS CA+NV OREstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Xeric Argicryolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Newlands loam - rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A1--0 to 3.5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate very fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine interstitial pores; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 5 inches thick)
A2--3.5 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine interstitial pores; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 15 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common very fine and fine, and few medium roots; many very fine interstitial pores; few thin clay films on peds; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)
Bt2--16 to 27 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and very plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; many thin brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on peds and continuous thin in pores; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (7 to 18 inches thick)
Bt3--27 to 38 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine and fine tubular pores; common moderately thick brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on peds and continuous moderately thick in pores; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (9 to 16 inches thick)
BCt--38 to 45 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) gravelly clay loam, massive; very hard, very firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; many moderately thick brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films in pores; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
R--45 inches; andesitic bedrock.
TYPE LOCATION: Lassen County, California; near Juniper Spring; about 200 feet west of the south 1/4 corner of section 4, T.36 N., R.17 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of solum and depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. Mean annual soil temperature ranges from 41 to 45 degrees F., and mean summer soil temperature ranges from 56 to 59 degrees F. These soils are usually dry, mainly during the late summer and early autumn. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral. Reaction trend is either constant or pH increases slightly as depth increases. The mollic epipedon ranges from 12 to 16 inches thick and includes part of the argillic horizon.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 1 through 3. Chroma of 1 occurs only in the A1 horizon. This horizon has 5 to 50 percent pebbles, cobbles or stones. It usually has moderate or strong granular or subangular structure but is massive in some pedons. Dry consistence is soft or slightly hard.
The Bt horizon usually has hue of 7.5YR, 5YR or 10YR. It has value of 5 to 6 dry, 3 through 5 moist, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is clay loam or sandy clay loam modified by up to 35 percent gravel and/or cobbles. When the upper 20 inches of the argillic horizon are mixed, the weighted average clay content is 27 to 35 percent. Structure of the Bt horizon ranges from moderate or strong, fine to coarse, subangular blocky, or angular blocky or weak or moderate, fine or medium prismatic.
The BCt horizon has a clear to diffuse boundary.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dra, Grunder, Monida, Primeaux, Rammel, Shotgun, and Tingey series. Monida and Tingey soils have an accumulation of calcium carbonate within a depth of 40 inches. Dra, Grunder, Primeaux, Rammel, and Shotgun soils have a lithic contact or a paralithic contact at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Newlands soils are on slightly concave, gently sloping to strongly sloping mountain, or foothill toe slopes, or moderately sloping to steep mountain slopes and ridges and have slope gradients of 5 to 50 percent. They formed in residuum and local colluvium from basic rock sources including andesite, basalt, andesitic tuff, and tuff breccia. These soils occur at elevations ranging mainly from 6000 to 7000 feet, but are as low as 4680 feet on north exposures. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 12 to 16 inches and comes mostly from snow. The climate is cold, having mean annual temperature of 41 to 45 degrees F., mean January temperature of 20 to 26 degrees F., and mean July temperature of 58 to 62 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hapgood and Home Camp soils. Hapgood soils have a mollic epipedon more than 20 inches thick and have a loamy-skeletal control section. Home Camp soils have a gravelly clay Bt horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow or medium runoff; moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The dominant vegetation is big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, and Idaho fescue.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The soils occur in northeastern California and northwestern Nevada and are of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Reno, Nevada
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada, 1962.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this profile are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to about 16 inches (A1, A2, and Bt1 horizons).
Argillic horizon - The zone from about 8 to 45 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and BCt horizons).
Lithic contact - The boundary at about 45 inches.
Particle size control section - The zone from about 8 to 28 inches (Bt1, Bt2, and a portion of the Bt3 horizon).