LOCATION NEDA WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Neda silt loam - on a 4 percent convex slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 895 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium and fine granular structure; friable; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--7 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium platy structure; friable; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--11 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very pale brown (10YR 7/3)dry, silt coatings on faces of peds in upper part of horizon; sand content is greater in the lower part; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
2Bt2--16 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) shaly clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine and medium subangular blocky; firm; common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; about 16 percent small shale fragments; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)
2Bt3--21 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) shaly loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; about 18 percent shale fragments; slightly alkaline; clear irregular boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick)
2C--25 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) and light gray (10YR 7/2) shaly loam; about 20 percent gravel and shale fragments; friable; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Dodge County, Wisconsin; about 2 miles southeast of Horicon; 1,900 feet north and 400 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 16, T. 11 N., R.16 E. USGS Mayville South, Wisconsin Topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 25 minutes 12 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 36 minutes 00 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the loess mantle ranges from 10 to 20 inches. Depth to the base of soil development and to carbonates ranges from 20 to 40 inches. The particle-size control section averages between 24 and 35 percent clay and from 15 to 50 percent fine sand or coarser. In the till, volume of gravel ranges from 5 to 25 percent and is mostly partially weathered shale fragments. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Reaction is neutral or slightly alkaline in the upper part of the soil and is slightly or moderately alkaline in the lower part. Carbonates are in the 2C horizon and, in some pedons, are in the lower part of the 2B horizon. Redox accumulations and saturation are within 40 inches. Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less are below the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon in some pedons.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 1 to 3. Texture is silt loam.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silty clay loam or silt loam.
The 2Bt2 horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam, clay loam, shaly loam, or shaly clay loam.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is loam, or shaly loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Glenhall and Octagon series. Glenhall and Octagon soils do not have shale fragments in the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Neda soils are on ground moraines and drumlins. Slope commonly is 2 to 12 percent but range to 30 percent. Neda soils formed in a thin mantle of loessand in the underlying calcareous loam till which has shale fragments. These soils are near the base of the Niagara Escarpment in the vicinity of shale outcrops. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 to 51 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ashippun and Hochheim soils. The nearly level and gently sloping, somewhat poorly drained Ashippun soils form a drainage sequence with the Neda soils. The well drained Hochheim soils are commonly nearby on similar slopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is medium. Permeability is moderately slow. These soil have a perched seasonal high water table within a depth of 40 inches for 1 month or more in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Much of this soil is used for cropland . Principal crops are corn, small grain, and forage. Native vegetation is deciduous trees consisting mainly of northern red oak, sugar maple, American basswood, and white ash.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: These soils are only in Dodge County, Wisconsin. They are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dodge County, Wisconsin, 1976.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 11 inches (Ap, E ); argillic horizon - 11 to 25 inches (Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3 ); mollic subgroup - Ap horizon with value and chroma, moist, of less than 4 and value, dry, of less than 6; Oxyaquic feature redox accumulations and saturation within a depth of 40 inches for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.