LOCATION MONON INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Monon fine sandy loam, on a less than 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 673 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) fine sandy loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots throughout; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 18 inches thick)
Bg1--10 to 13 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots throughout; many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds and in roots channels and pores; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bg2--13 to 18 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots throughout; many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds and in roots channels and pores; moderate medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 1 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bg3--18 to 26 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots throughout; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds and in roots channels and pores; moderate medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bg4--26 to 42 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) stratified fine sandy loam, loam, and gravelly sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; moderate medium and coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron oxide accumulation in the matrix; 25 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 18 to 38 inches.)
2R--42 inches; white (10YR 8/1) unweathered limestone bedrock; indurated; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: White County, Indiana; about 1 mile west and 2 miles north of Monon; 480 feet east and 1,250 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 5, T. 28 N., R. 4 W.; U.S.G.S. Francesville topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 54 minutes 32.0 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 54 minutes 35.0 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 507600 easting and 4528649 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 24 to 50 inches
Depth to lithic contact: commonly 40 to 60 inches, but ranges from 40 to 80 inches
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches
Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR or N
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma:0 to 2
Texture: fine sandy loam, loam, sandy loam, mucky sandy loam, or mucky fine sandy loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent fine gravel
Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Redoximorphic features are present
Texture: fine sandy loam or sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues; some pedon have strata of loamy sand, fine sand, sand, or loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent fine gravel in the upper part and 0 to 34 percent in the lower part
2R horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 7 or 8
Chroma: 1 or 2
Bedrock: very strongly cemented or indurated limestone
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Corunna, Darfur, Dassel, Gilford, Goodell, Hanska, Jubilee, Lyles, Mudgepond (T), Overshue, Toolesboro, Uniongrove, and Whitepost series. Corunna soils are less acid than neutral in the lower part of the series control section. Darfur soils are in cooler, drier regions with mean annual temperature less than 48 degrees F., and mean annual precipitation less than 30 inches. Dassel, Lyles, and Toolesboro soils have a C horizon that contains more than 70 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Gilford, Hanska, Uniongrove, and Whitepost soils have carbonates in the lower part of the series control section. Goodell and Overshue soils have a lithologic contact with till in the lower part of the series control section. Jubilee soils are in drier climates that receive less than 30 inches of mean annual precipitation. Mudgepond soils have more than 5 percent rock fragments in the upper part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Monon soils formed in loamy and sandy sediments overlying bedrock on nearly level or depressional areas on outwash plains and lake plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 48 to 53 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 42 inches, frost-free period ranges from 150 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 600 to 1,530 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brady, Branch, Bronson, Gilford, Maumee, Ormas, and Oshtemo soils. The somewhat poorly drained Brady soils are on nearly level and slightly higher positions. The moderately well drained Branch and Bronson soils are on nearly level, higher positions. The poorly drained or very poorly drained Gilford and Maumee soils are on similar landforms, but do not have limestone bedrock within a depth of 60 inches. The well drained Ormas and Oshtemo soils are on nearly level to moderately steep higher positions on the landform.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained or very poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible. Permeability is moderately rapid in the solum and very slow or impermeable in the limestone bedrock.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly cultivated. Principal crops are corn, soybeans, wheat, and oats. Native vegetation is marsh grasses, reeds, sedges, pin oak, and red maple forests.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 111 in northern Indiana and possibly in northern Illinois. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: White County, Indiana, 1998.
REMARKS: This pedon was described on 4 April 1977 as a part of the White County soil survey project. This soil was established as a substratum phase of Gilford. During the subset update process of Pulaski County and the subsequent expansion of the series control section, it was determined that this soil qualified to be a new series.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to 10 inches (Ap horizon)
Cambic horizon: from 10 to 42 inches (Bg horizons)
Lithic contact: at 42 inches (2R horizon)
Aquic conditions: chroma of 1 below the mollic epipedon and redoximorphic features throughout the Bg horizon
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 152928 represents the typical pedon in complex with Gilford soils.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (WH7707, S77IN181-7-1-6) from the Purdue University Soil Characterization Lab, AES Bulletin No. 222, Vol. 4, Pg. 79. Transect data for the typical pedon (T98IN-181-001) is on file in MLRA project office, Plymouth, Indiana. Transect shows 100 percent Monon soils.