LOCATION MILAN KS+OKEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Udic Argiustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Milan loam - cultivated. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many roots; few pebbles up to 3/4 inch in diameter; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
BA--10 to 14 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse granular structure; hard, firm; many roots; few pebbles; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bt--14 to 34 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; moderate and strong medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; continuous clay films of darker color on exterior of peds; few fine roots; few pebbles; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 30 inches thick)
BC--34 to 48 inches; red (2.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam, red (2.5YR 4/6) moist; moderate medium blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few pebbles; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)
C--48 to 70 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) moist; massive; hard, friable; few fine roots; many pebbles; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Sumner County, Kansas; about 4 miles east of Milan; 2,000 feet north and 300 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 14, T. 32 S., R. 3 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum is typically 40 to 50 inches thick and ranges from 30 to 70 inches. From 0 to 10 percent by volume is coarse sand and gravel up to 1 inch in diameter. Free carbonates typically are lacking in the sola, but some pedons contain small calcium carbonate concretions in the C horizon.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 to 5 and 2 or 3 moist; and chroma of 2 or 3. It is typically loam and less commonly sandy loam, clay loam, or fine sandy loam. It is strongly acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 to 6 and 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 3 to 7. It is clay loam or sandy clay loam averaging between 28 and 35 percent clay and more than 20 percent sand coarser than fine. It ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
The BC horizon has color and reaction similar to the Bt horizon. The texture is sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, sandy loam, or loamy coarse sand.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5YR to 7.5YR, values 4 to 7 dry and 3 to 6 moist, and chroma 4 to 8. It typically contains more coarse sand and gravel and is less clayey than the Bt horizon. It is sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam or loamy sand. Reaction is moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Carman, Chickasha, Lovedale, Navina, Ravia, Schulenburg, Stoneburg, and Teller, series in the same family and the Madge, and Zaneis series. Carman soils have redoximorphic features in the soil profile. Chickasha, Ravia, and Zaneis soils have bedrock at depths of 40 to 60 inches. Lovedale soils contain 18 to 27 percent clay in the argillic horizon. Schulenburg soils have secondary calcium carbonates within 22 inches of the soils surface. Stoneburg soils have bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Madge, Navina, and Teller soils contain less than 20 percent material coarser than fine sand in the upper 20 inches of the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Milan soils are on nearly level to sloping uplands. Slope gradients are dominantly 1 to 5 percent and range from 0 to 6 percent. The soils formed in loamy old alluvium. Average annual precipitation ranges from 26 to 34 inches, and mean annual temperature is from 57 to 61 degrees F. Thornthwaite Annual P-E Index is about 44 to 54. Frost free days range from 185 to 220 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Lovedale, and the Bethany, Pond Creek, Rosehill and Waynoka soils. Rosehill soils are fine textured and have bedrock at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Bethany and Pond Creek soils have a mollic epipedon more than 20 inches thick. Waynoka soils have a lithologic discontinuity between 30 and 60 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is moderately slow. Runoff is negligible to medium.
USE AND VEGETATION: Largely in cultivation; small grains and sorghums are the main crops. Originally the vegetation was tall-grass prairie dominated by big bluestem, indiangrass, and switchgrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA 80A) of South-central Kansas and central Oklahoma. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sumner County, Kansas, 1974.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon - from 0 to 14 inches (A and BA);
argillic horizon - from 14 to 34 inches (Bt).
Soil Interpretative Record: KS0076