LOCATION MANLEY WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy over loamy-skeletal, glassy over isotic Xeric Vitricryands
TYPICAL PEDON: Manley ashy silt loam - forested. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Oi--0 to 0.5 inch; undecomposed needles, bark, twigs, and grass.
Oe--0.5 to 1 inch; black (10YR 2/1) moist decomposed mat of organic material; neutral (pH 6.6).
A--1 to 1.25 inches; light gray (10YR 7/2) ashy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; strongly acid (pH 5.2). (0 to 1.5 inches thick)
Bw1--1.25 to 6 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) ashy silt loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak very fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; many very fine, fine, and medium roots; 10 percent pebbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
Bw2--6 to 11 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) ashy silt loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; common roots; 10 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 6 inches thick)
Bw3--11 to 21 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) ashy silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; common roots; common fine and very fine pores; 10 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.6); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
2C--21 to 36 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; hard, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; 35 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 45 inches thick)
2Cd--36 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) very gravelly sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; massive; hard, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; 35 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles and stones; neutral (pH 7.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Ferry County, Washington; 1,980 feet east and 160 feet south of northwest corner, sec. 7, T. 40 N., R. 34 E. W.M.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature is 37 to 42 degrees F. These soils are usually moist but are dry in all parts between depths of 4 and 12 inches for 45 to 60 consecutive days. Depth to the lithologic discontinuity and thickness of the ash mantle is 14 to 25 inches. Depth to the densic contact is 20 to 40 inches. The upper part of the particle-size control section has an estimated moist bulk density of 0.65 to 0.85 g/cc, volcanic glass content of 30 to 60 percent, acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half of the acid-oxalate extractable iron of more than 2.0 percent, and 15-bar water retention of 5 to 12 percent for air dried samples. Coarse fragments range from 0 to 20 percent in A and B horizons and 35 to 70 percent in the 2C horizon, and more than 35 percent by weighted average within the 2C portion of the control section. It is moderately acid to neutral throughout.
The A horizon, when present, has value of 6 to 8 dry, 3 to 6 moist, and chroma of 1 or 2 dry or moist.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist, and chroma of 3 or 4 dry and 3 to 6 moist. It is ashy silt loam, ashy loam, or ashy fine sandy loam, and may be gravelly. It is 0 to 20 percent pebbles and 0 to 5 percent cobbles.
Some pedons have a 2BC and 2CB horizon with hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4 dry or moist. It is sandy loam or coarse sandy loam and is very gravelly, extremely gravelly, or very cobbly, with 20 to 60 percent pebbles, 5 to 20 percent cobbles and 0 to 5 percent stones. The 2BC horizon commonly has pockets of volcanic ash.
The 2Cd horizon has hue of 10YR, 5Y, or 2.5Y, value of 6 or 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loam, and loamy sand or loamy coarse sand in the lower parts, and is very gravelly, extremely gravelly, very cobbly or extremely stony. Rock fragments range from 35 to 70 percent with 15 to 60 percent pebbles, 5 to 30 percent cobbles and 0 to 30 percent stones.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Coopmont, Glaze, Maset, Shukash, and Togo series and the closely related Huckleberry, Truefissure, and Vay series. Coopmont soils have 15 to 35 percent pumice greater than 2.0mm in size in the upper part of the particle-size control section and do not have a densic horizon. Glaze soils are deep to a paralithic contact. Maset soils are moderately deep to a paralithic contact. Shukash soils do not have a densic horizon. Togo soils have moderately rapid permeability, are soft and very friable in the lower part of the particle-size control section and have dominantly angular rock fragments. Huckleberry soils have bedrock at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Truefissure soils are medium textured in all parts of the control section. Vay soils have a udic moisture regime.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Manley soils are on glaciated upper mountain slopes and ridgetops at elevations of about 3,000 to 6,500 feet mostly on north-facing slopes at the lower elevations. Slopes range from 0 to 65 percent. Manley soils formed over volcanic ash over glacial till. They are in a climate of cool, dry summers and cold, wet winters. The mean January temperature is about 20 degrees F, and the mean July temperature is about 50 degrees F. Mean annual temperature is 37 to 43 degrees F, average annual precipitation ranges from 20 to 45 inches. Frost-free season is 70 to 100 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Aits, Buhrig, Merkel, and Nevine and the competing Togo soils. Aits soils are coarse-loamy. Buhrig and Merkel soils are loamy-skeletal. Nevine soils are frigid.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium or rapid runoff; moderate over slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mostly for timber production, grazing, wildlife habitat and watershed. Native plants are Douglas-fir, subalpine fir, western larch, Englemann spruce, willow, red alder, ninebark, pachystima, pinegrass, longtube twinflower, black mountain huckleberry, dwarf huckleberry, wild strawberry, snowberry, and common pipsissewa.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Washington. These soils are moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ferry County, Washington, 1971.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are an ochric epipedon from 1 to 1.25 inch (Mt. St. Helens 'T' or 'W' volcanic ash); a cambic horizon from 1.25 to 21 inches. The percent rock fragments in the lower part of the particle-size control section from 20 to 40 inches is 45 percent. The particle-size control section is from 0 to 40 inches. This description reflects a change in classification from Ashy over loamy-skeletal, mixed Xeric Vitricryands to Ashy over loamy-skeletal, glassy over isotic Xeric Vitricryands
ADDITIONAL DATA: Partial laboratory data are available on this soil, National Soil Survey Laboratory: Pedon number 84P0169 sampled as Resner series.