LOCATION MANCELONA MI+WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Alfic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Mancelona loamy sand on a 4 percent south- facing slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; very weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 25 centimeters thick)
E--18 to 25 centimeters; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) loamy sand; weak coarse granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 18 centimeters thick)
Bs--25 to 61 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (18 to 76 centimeters thick)
E'--61 to 69 centimeters; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (0 to 15 centimeters thick)
2Bt--69 to 86 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few thin clay films; 20 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (10 to 36 centimeters thick)
3C--86 to 152 centimeters; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly sand; single grain; loose; 50 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Gladwin County, Michigan; about 3/4 mile southeast of Skeels; 200 feet south and 800 feet east of the center, sec. 32, T. 20 N., R. 2 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum and depth to carbonates typically is 66 to 97 centimeters but ranges from 46 to 102 centimeters. The solum ranges from very strongly acid to slightly alkaline. Gravel content ranges from 3 to 25 percent by volume in the upper solum and 10 to 70 percent in individual strata in the lower solum (Bt) and 3C horizon. Cobbles range from 0 to 10 percent by volume throughout the pedon.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR; value of 3 or 4; and chroma of 2 or 3. Where present the A horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR, or is neutral; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 0 or 2. It is 2 to 13 centimeters thick. The A horizon is loamy sand, sand, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or gravelly analogues of these textures.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, or gravelly analogues of these textures.
The Bs horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR; value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6. Value and chroma of 4 predominate. It is sand, loamy sand, or gravelly analogues of these textures.
The E' horizon is continuous, discontinuous or absent. In those pedons where it is discontinuous it occurs as thick coats on peds, in cracks, and in worm and root channels in the upper part of the Bt horizon (B/E horizon). The E' horizon is sand, loamy sand, or gravelly analogues of these textures.
Some pedons have a Bt horizon. The 2Bt or Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, and 5YR; value of 3 to 5; and chroma of 2 to 6. It is loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogues of these textures. The thickness of gravelly sandy clay loam or sandy clay loam horizon rarely exceeds 8 or 10 centimeters.
The 3C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. It is commonly stratified very gravelly sand, gravelly sand,very gravelly coarse sand, coarse sand or sand. The reaction of the C horizon is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Keweenaw, Leelanau, Melita and Southwells series. Keweenaw, Leelanau, Melita and Southwells soils do not have calcareous sand and gravel within a depth of 102 centimeters.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Mancelona soils are on moraines, outwash plains, lake plains, deltas, eskers, stream terraces, and old beach ridges. Slopes typically range from 0 to 12 percent but have a maximum range of 0 to 70 percent. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 710 to 810 millimeters. The mean annual temperature ranges from 4 to 7 degrees C.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Alpena, East Lake, Epoufette, Gladwin, Kiva, and Newaygo soils. The somewhat poorly drained Gladwin soils and poorly drained Epoufette soils are in the same drainage sequence. East Lake, Kiva, Newaygo, and Alpena soils are common associates. East Lake, Kiva and Alpena soils do not have argillic horizons. Newaygo soils contain greater than15 percent clay in the solum.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat excessively drained. Surface runoff is negligible to medium depending on slope. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high or very high in the solum and very high in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: A considerable part is used for growing small grain, hay, corn, and beans; some potatoes and vegetables. A large part of the more sloping areas are in permanent pasture, woodland, or is idle cropland. The native vegetation was chiefly northern hardwoods with some eastern white pine and red pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Michigan and northeastern Wisconsin. The series is of large extent with about 140,000 acres correlated.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Antrim County, Michigan, 1923.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon -
the zone from the surface to 25 centimeters (A and E horizons); albic horizon - the zone from 18 to 25 centimeters and from 61 to 69 centimeters (E and E' horizons); spodic horizon - the zone from 25 to 61centimeters (Bs horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 69 to 86 centimeters.