LOCATION MADALIN NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Endoaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Madalin silty clay loam - cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap-- 0 to 6 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; strong fine granular structure; friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (4 to 9 inches thick.)
Btg1-- 6 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, sticky, plastic; common fine roots; few fine pores; thin gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Btg2-- 11 to 20 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm, sticky, plastic; common fine roots; few fine pores; thin clay linings in pores; thin gray (N 5/0) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Btg3-- 20 to 30 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky; firm, sticky, plastic; few fine roots; common fine pores; thin gray (N 5/0) clay films on faces of peds; clay linings in pores; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 15 to 45 inches.)
C-- 30 to 72 inches, gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay in varves; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Schoharie County, New York; Town of Carlisle, 1/4 mile west of Becker Corners, 100 feet south of road. USGS Delmar, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees, 32 minutes, 43 seconds N. and Longitude 73 degrees, 48 minutes, 51 seconds W. NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 24 to 48 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 24 to 60 inches. Depth to bedrock ranges from 40 inches to 30 feet or more. Rock fragments range from 0 to 2 percent in the solum and 0 to 20 percent in the C horizon.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, values of 2 or 3; and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture of the fine earth fraction is silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay. Structure is granular or blocky. Consistence is friable or very friable. Reaction ranges from strongly acid through slightly alkaline.
The Eg, where present, has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y or neutral, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam or silty clay, with high and low redoximorphic features. Consistence is friable or firm. Reaction ranges from strongly acid through slightly alkaline. Horizon thickness ranges from 0 to 6 inches.
The Btg horizons have hues of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 6 with chroma of 3 through 6 restricted to depths greater than 30 inches. Some pedons have hue of 5G and 5GY. Few to many, faint to prominent redoximorphic features are present. Texture of the fine earth fraction ranges from silt loam to clay, with a weighted average of 35 to 60 percent clay. Structure is weak through strong, angular or subangular blocky within prisms in most pedons. Consistence is firm or very firm. Reaction ranges from moderately acid through slightly alkaline. Some pedons have a Bw horizon with silt loam texture above the Btg horizons.
Some pedons have a BC horizon. It has a hue of 5YR through 5Y, value of 3 through 5, and chroma from 0 through 3. Some pedons have hue of 5G and 5GY. Structure is weak subangular, or the material is massive within varves in most pedons.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR through 5Y, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 3. Some pedons have hue of 5G or 5GY. Texture of the fine earth fraction is silty clay loam to clay. The material is massive with varves separated by silt lenses in most pedons. Reaction ranges from moderately alkaline to neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no known competing series in the same family.
Covington,
Hoytville,
Lorain,
Miner, and
Monee soils are similar soils in related families. Covington soils have a weighted average of more than 60 percent clay (by weight) in the fine-earth fraction. Hoytville, Lorain, Miner, and Monee soils have episaturation.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Madalin soils formed in glacial lake sediments, on lake plains and in depressions in the uplands. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 46 degrees to 52 degrees F.; mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, and mean frost-free period ranges from 140 to 180 days. Elevation ranges from 300 to 1500 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Arkport, Bath, Danley, Dunkirk, Fonda, Honeoye, Howard, Hudson, Langford, Lansing, Ontario, Palmyra, and Rhinebeck soils. Arkport and Dunkirk soils formed in silty to fine sand deltaic deposits. Bath, Danley, Honeoye, Langford, Lansing, and Ontario soils formed in till. Howard and Palmyra soils formed in glacial outwash. Hudson soils formed in materials similar to that of Madalin soils but are moderately well drained. Rhinebeck soils formed in similar materials but are somewhat poorly drained. Fonda soils lack an argillic horizon and have more than 10 percent organic matter in the A horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible to very high. Permeability is moderately slow to very slow in the surface and subsurface and slow or very slow throughout the soil.
USE AND VEGETATION: Cleared areas are used for growing hay and pasture. Some areas have been drained sufficiently to permit production of corn and small grains. Native vegetation is red maple, elm, white ash, hickory, oak, white cedar, hemlock, and white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Erie and Ontario lake plains of northeastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania and New York, the Mohawk and Hudson Valleys, and other larger valleys of the Allegheny Plateau in New York. MLRA's 101, 140, 142, and 144A. The series is moderately extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dutchess County, New York, 1938.
REMARKS: This series was previously defined as poorly and very poorly drained. The very poorly is dropped.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the typical pedon are:
1) Mollic subgroup - meets the requirements for mollic epipedon, except thickness, after mixing the upper 18cm. Zone from 0 to 6 inches (Ap horizon) and 1 inch of Btg1, and the epipedon thickness is more than 25cm and the lower boundary of the argillic is below 75cm.
2) Argillic horizon - from 6 to 30 inches (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3 horizons).
3) Endoaqualfs great group - Endosaturation from 6 inches (Btg1) to more than 200cm.
4)Aquic moisture regime as evidenced by redoximorphic features in all layers between 25cm and 40cm, and within the upper 12.5cm of the argillic horizon, more than 50% redox depletions with a chroma of 2 or less on faces of peds, and redox concentrations within peds.