LOCATION LUVERNE AL+AR LA MS TNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Luverne fine sandy loam, on a convex 4 percent slope, in woodland. (Colors are for moist soil.)
A1--0 to 1 inch; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; medium acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A2--1 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular and subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A and E horizon is 3 to 12 inches).
Bt1--7 to 20 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; continuous clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--20 to 30 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; continuous clay films on faces of peds; common fine flakes of mica; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 14 to 40 inches.)
BC--30 to 40 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) sandy clay loam; moderate coarse and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; the patchy clay films on faces of coarse peds; common fine mica flakes; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
C1--40 to 48 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) loam; moderate medium platy structure; very friable; few fine roots; thin clay films on horizontal faces; many fine flakes of mica; fragments of shale and paralleling bands of mica sand occupy 50 percent by volume; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)
C2--48 to 62 inches; mottled red (2.5YR 4/6), yellowish red (5YR 4/6), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and gray to light gray (5Y 6/1) stratified very fine sandy loam and silt loam; moderate fine and medium platy structure; very friable; few fine roots; many fine flakes of mica; lenses of gray (5Y 6/1) silt loam and silty clay loam; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)
C3--62 to 80 inches; mottled red (2.5YR 4/6), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and gray to light gray (5Y 6/1) very fine sandy loam; very weak medium platy to very weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine flakes of mica; lenses of gray (5Y 6/1) silt loam and silty clay loam become fewer and sandier in lower part; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
TYPE LOCATION: Chilton County, Alabama; 5.5 miles northwest of Isabella, SW1/4SW1/4 sec. 15, T. 22 N., R. 12 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 20 to 50 inches and depth to hard rock exceeds 60 inches. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to extremely acid. Some pedons contain a few ironstone fragments.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10R, value of 4 or 6, and chroma 2 to 4. Texture is loamy fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy sand, or their gravelly, channery, or flaggy analogues. Some pedons have a thin E horizon with color, texture, and reaction similar to the A horizon. In severely eroded areas, the Ap horizon has color and texture similar to the upper part of the Bt horizon.
The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10R, 2.5YR, or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. Mottles of brown, olive, and red range from none to common. The lower part has these colors or is mottled in shades of red, yellow, and brown. Content or mica flakes ranges from few to common. Texture is clay loam, sandy clay, or clay with the clay content of the control section ranging from 35 to 60 percent and the silt content is less than 30 percent. A thin Bt1 horizon with texture of sandy clay loam or clay loam is present in some pedons.
The BC horizon has colors similar to those of the lower part of the Bt horizon. It is clay loam or sandy clay loam. Platy rock structure ranges from none to 50 percent with individual plates having variable length and ranging in thickness from 1 mm to 8 mm.
The C horizon is stratified marine sediments rich in mica. Texture of individual strata ranges from loamy sand to clay. Thickness of strata ranges from a few millimeters to several centimeters or more. Colors are variable but generally the sandier textured strata have hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR with value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 5 to 8. Clayey strata are generally gray. Some pedons have thin lenses of ironstone in the upper part of the C horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Albertville, Badin, Bengal, Bonwier, Brockroad, Carnasaw, Catharpin, Cullen, Cunningham, Cuthbert, Enders, Endsaw, Fluvanna, Galilee, Kirvin, Masada, Mattaponi, Mayodan, McQueen, Nason, Remlap, Sweatman, Tatum, Townley, Urland, Vance, and Williamsville soils in the same family. Albertville, Carnasaw, Cunningham, Enders, Endsaw, Nason, and Tatum soils have bedrock within a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Badin, Bengal, Galilee, and Townley soils have bedrock within a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Bonwier and Urland soils have slightly warmer annual temperatures. Brockroad, Fluvanna, and Sweatman soils have more than 30 percent silt in their control section. Catharpin, McQueen, Remlap, and Williamsville have a solum thickness of more than 50 inches. Cullen soils have rodic colors in parts of the Bt horizon. Cuthbert soils are moderately deep, have slightly warmer annual air temperatures, have strongly cemented sandstone layers in the lower part of most pedons, and are not considered arable. Kirvin and Masada soils have a solum thickness of more than 40 inches. Mayodan soils developed in materials weathered from Triassic materials of the Piedmont. Mattaponi and Vance soils have hue yellower than 5YR.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on gently sloping to steep dissected landscapes of the Southern Coastal Plain. Slopes range from 1 to 45 percent. They formed in marine sediments deposited as stratified sands, silts, and clays. The climate is warm and humid. Near the type location, the average daily temperature for January is 47 degrees F. The average temperature for July is 81 degrees F. The mean annual temperature is about 60 degrees F. The mean annual precipitation is about 55 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Arundel, Boswell, Conecuh, Greenville, Ruston, Smithdale and Troup soils. Arundel soils are on lower positions and have soft bedrock within 20 to 40 inches of the surface. Boswell soils, on similar positions, have vertic properties and a higher base saturation. Conecuh soils are on lower slopes and have montmorillonitic mineralogy. Greenville soils are on higher positions and have rodic colors and kaolinitic mineralogy. Ruston and Smithdale soils, on similar positions, are fine-loamy. Troup soils, generally on higher positions, have a thick sandy epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderately slowly permeable; medium to rapid runoff.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas have been cleared and were used for cultivation but are now forest of mixed hardwood and pine. The less sloping areas are used for corn, cotton, hay, and truck crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Coastal Plain of Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and possibly Florida, Georgia, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas. The series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Crenshaw County, Alabama; 1921.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of about 7 inches (A1, A2 horizons).
Argillic horizon - the zone from about 7 to 30 inches (Bt1, Bt2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Lincoln Soil Survey Lab. No. 67L112 and 67L113; Alabama Highway Department No. S65ALA-11-4-(1-6). Auburn University; S74AL-125-5, S77AL-125-6, S74AL-125-11, S73AL-16-17, S72AL-47-1, S70AL-24-9, S73AL-24-2, 2nd S79AL-099-26.