LOCATION LONDO MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Aeric Glossaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Londo loam - on a 2 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
B/E--8 to 11 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam (Bt); many fine prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; friable; discontinuous vertical tongues, 1/8 to 1 inch in diameter and 1 to 3 inches long, and thick coatings on all prismatic ped faces, root channels, and vertical cracks of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and brown (10YR 5/3) loam (E); common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; weak medium platy structure; very friable; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 7 inches thick)
Bt--11 to 18 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; many fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and prominent dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; many faint dark grayish brown (10 YR 4/2) clay films on all ped faces; mildly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (3 to 14 inches thick)
C1--18 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; many fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4), distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and prominent reddish brown (5YR 5/4) mottles; weak thick platy fragments; friable; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
C2--29 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), and prominent gray (N 6/0) mottles; massive; friable; many light gray (10YR 7/2) thin streaks, small spots, and fine concretions of calcium carbonates; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: St. Clair County, Michigan; 2 1/2 miles west and 2 miles south of Lakeport; l60 feet west and 100 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 2, T. 7 N., R. 16 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum ranges from 12 to 25 inches. The reaction of the solum ranges from slightly acid to mildly alkaline. Rock fragments range from 0 to 10 percent by volume throughout the pedon.
The Ap has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 or 2. The value dry is 6. It is fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand. The E portion of the B/E horizon has 10YR hue, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam.
The Bt horizon and B part of the B/E horizon have hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is clay loam or loam.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 4 or 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam or clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Sargeant soils in the same family and the closely related Capac, Conover, and Guelph soils. Sargeant soils have thicker sola. Capac and Conover soils do not have tonguing and have thicker and more acid sola. Guelph soils lack mottles of low chroma in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Londo soils occur on level, nearly level, and gentle convex slopes. The slopes are dominantly from 1 to 3 percent, but range from 0 to 5 percent. These soils occupy the low moraines and till plains of the Mankato substage of the Wisconsinan glacial period. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 51 degrees F. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 31 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the poorly drained Parkhill soils and the well drained Guelph soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is slow to medium depending on the percent of slope. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Largely under cultivation. Corn, small grain, sugar beets, white beans, soybeans, and legume hay are the main crops grown. Native vegetation was mixed northern hardwoods and eastern white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and eastern Michigan. The series is of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Clair County, Michigan, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 8 inches (Ap horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 8 to 18 inches (B part of B/E horizon and Bt horizon); glossic feature - tonguing from 8 to 11 inches (E part of B/E horizon); aquic moisture regime.