LOCATION LODI VA+NC WVEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, subactive, mesic Typic Hapludults
TYPICAL PEDON: Lodi silt loam - 7 to 15 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil).
Ap--0 to 7 inches, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; 10 percent chert fragments up to 2 inches; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)
Btl--7 to 11 inches, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular structure; friable, slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; few fine clay films on faces of peds; 2 percent black oxide stains up to 2 mm; 2 percent chert fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bt2--11 to 18 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; common medium faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; few fine roots; few distinct films of clay on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt3--18 to 26 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; few fine pores; few distinct films of clay on faces of peds; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt4--26 to 41 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and few medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles; moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; few distinct films of clay on faces of peds; 10 percent chert fragments; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt5--41 to 60 inches, yellowish red (5YR 4/6) gravelly clay; many coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; few distinct films of clay on faces of peds; 15 percent chert fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 30 to 60 inches)
C--60 to 72 inches, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) silty clay; many coarse distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) and few fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) mottles; massive; friable; very strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Rockingham County, Virginia; 1 mile south of downtown Harrisonburg, 0.7 miles southwest of intersection of I-81 and VA-710, 600 feet southeast of I-81 underpass.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is 40 to 80 inches. Depth to hard bedrock is more than 60 inches. Rock fragments of chert, sandstone, or shale average 0 to 25 percent of the solum, and up to 60 percent chert in the surface layer. The soil is very strongly acid or strongly acid, unless limed.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 6. The thin A1 horizon, where present, includes value of 2 and chroma of 1. The A is fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam in the fine earth fraction. Eroded areas include silty clay loam and clay loam.
The AB horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR or 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 4 through 8. It is silty clay loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam, or silt loam, in the fine earth fraction.
The Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR through 7.5YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 6 or 8. High chroma mottles are in some pedons. The Bt horizon is dominantly clay or silty clay in the fine earth fraction, but includes clay loam, silty clay loam, and sandy clay loam.
The BC horizon, where present, has hue of 2.5YR through 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8. It is clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam in the fine earth fraction.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR through 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 4 through 8. High chroma mottles are common. It is sandy clay loam, silty clay, loam, clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam in the fine earth fraction and includes sandy seams or strata in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Agnos, Boden, Braddock, Buckhall, Clifton, Fairfax, Gassville, Groseclose, Howell, Monmouth, Muse, Pervina, Quantico, Sequoia, Timberville, Trappist, Unison series. Agnos soils have very slow permeability. Boden soils are dominated with sandstone gravel and has silt content of less than 20 percent. The Braddock and Unison soils have dominantly metamorphosed rock fragments throughout. Buckhill soils have rock fragments of quartz and granite. Clifton soils have flakes of mica throughout the solum. Fairfax and Timberville soils have litrological discontinuities in the control section. Gassville soils have a solum thickness of 36 to 40 inches. Groseclose soils have high shrink-swell potential and slow permeability. The Howell and Monmouth soils have formed in unconsolidated sediments containing glauconite and have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y in the lower Bt horizon. The Muse soils have slow permeability and rock fragments that are dominantly shale. Pervina soils have more than 60 inches of annual rainfall. Quantico soils have rounded quartz gravel. Sequoia and Trappist soils have 20 to 40 inch solum thickness and depth to bedrock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lodi soils are on convex slopes west of the Blue Ridge. They formed in residuum weathered from limestone rocks with interbedded sandstone and shale. Slopes range from 0 to 45 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 55 to 59 degrees F and mean annual precipitation ranges from 36 to 45 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: In addition to the competing Frederick series, these include the Bolton, Opequon, Hagertown, and Poplimento soils. Bolton, Hagerstown, and Poplimento soils have base saturation greater than 35 percent. Opequon soils have a lithic contact within a 20 inch depth. All of these soils are on similar upland positions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium to rapid. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used about equally for crops, pasture, and woodland. Locally, in the Shenandoah Valley, apple orchards are an important use. Native vegetation was dominantly mixed hardwood species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Throughout the limestone valley of Virginia and possible similar areas in Tennessee, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Maryland. The acreage is believed to be of large extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Washington County, Virginia, 1940.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epedon - The zone between 0 to inches (Ap hroizon)
b. Argillic horizon - The zone from 7 to 60 inches (Bt horizons.
12/2004 Based on three sampled pedons at the NSSL, the CE activity class is subactive. Changed clayey to fine textural family. MAV
ADDITIONAL DATA: S70VA165-4 is from the type location. Additional data is available for Lodi soils in Clarke, Montgomery, and Pulaski Counties, Virginia.
SIR = VA0086 MLRA 125, 128, 147 REVISED = 7/18/91