LOCATION LIGHTNING          OK+MO

Established Series
Rev. JFH,CRC
03/2006

LIGHTNING SERIES

The Lightning series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in loamy and clayey alluvium of Pleistocene age. These nearly level or slightly concave soils are on flood plains mostly in the Cherokee Prairies (MLRA 112). Slopes range from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 102 centimeters (40 inches). Mean annual air temperature is 16 degrees C. (60 degrees F.)

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, thermic Chromic Vertic Epiaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Lightning silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 28 centimeters (0 to 11 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 36 centimeters (4 to 14 inches) thick)

Btg1--28 to 51 centimeters (11 to 20 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; few fine distinct light gray redoximorphic depletions; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable few fine roots; few fine pores; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (8 to 25 centimeters (3 to 10 inches) thick)

Btg2--51 to 91 centimeters (20 to 36 inches), dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) redoximorphic depletions; weak fine and medium blocky structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; thin coatings of gray (10YR 6/1) on faces of some peds; patchy clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (25 to 51 centimeters (10 to 20 inches) thick)

Btg3--91 to 152 centimeters (36 to 60 inches), very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium blocky structure; very hard, firm; few vertical cracks and old root channels filled with light gray silty clay loam; few patchy clay films on faces of peds; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Okmulgee County, Oklahoma; about 1.6 kilometers (1 miles) north of Okmulgee; 805 meters (2640 feet) east and 152 meters (500 feet) south of the northwest corner sec. 30, T. 14 N., R. 13 E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Solum thickness: 102 to more than 152 centimeters (40 to more than 60 inches)
Depth to bedrock: more than 183 centimeters (72 inches)
Clay content of the control section: 35 to 50 percent

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: neutral to strongly acid

E horizon: (where present)
Hue: 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: slightly acid to very strongly acid.

BAg horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam and ranges
Reaction: neutral to strongly acid
Redoximorphic iron depletions: shades of gray
Redoximorphic iron concentrations: shades of red or brown

Btg1 horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 1
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: slightly acid to very strongly acid
Redoximorphic iron depletions: shades of gray
Redoximorphic iron concentrations: shades of red or brown

Btg2 horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 1 or 3
Chroma: 1
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: moderately alkaline to strongly acid
Redoximorphic iron depletions: shades of gray
Redoximorphic iron concentrations: shades of red or brown

Btg3 horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 1
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: moderately alkaline to strongly acid

BC horizon (where present)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4
Chroma: 1
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay
Reaction: moderately alkaline to strongly acid
Some pedons have horizons that are stratified below 102 centimeters (40 inches).

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform: nearly level or slightly concave flood plains
Parent material: clayey alluvium
Flooding: occasionally flooded brief periods during January through July
Slopes: 0 to 1 percent
Climate: warm and moist subhumid to humid
Average annual precipitation: 91 to 114 centimeters 36 to 45 inches
Mean annual temperature: 14 to 18 degrees C. (57 degrees to 64 degrees F.)
Thornthwaite P-E index: 64 to 80.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Helper, McCune, Osage, and Verdigris series.
Helper, McCune, and Verdigris soils have a fine-silty control section.
Osage soils lack a Bt horizon.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: poorly drained
Runoff: very high
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: low
In undisturbed areas perched water table: within 30 centimeters (1 foot) of the surface for short periods from November to April in most years

USE AND VEGETATION: Some areas are cultivated cropland.
Principal crops are small grains, grain sorghum, and soybeans.
Some areas are used for tame pasture or native range.
Native vegetation consists of bottomland hardwoods with an under story of grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, and possibly western Arkansas. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Labette County, Kansas; 1926.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 28 centimeters (0 to 11 inches) (A horizon)
Argillic horizon: 28 to 152 centimeters (11 inches to 60 inches) (Btg horizons)

Soil Interpretation Record: Series OK0178
ADDITIONAL DATA: National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Samples from Craig County, Oklahoma (S60 OK-035-001) 35777-35783 (S60 OK-035-002) 35784-35790

Modified format by LRM in 1/2006 to include metric conversion and change permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.