LOCATION LANDES IL+IA IN MI MO OH WVEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluventic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Landes fine sandy loam - in a nearly level cultivated field at an elevation of about 440 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; few very fine roots; few fine very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--5 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 10 to 20 inches.)
AB--14 to 19 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 14 inches thick)
Bw1--19 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) and few faint very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--23 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bw3--28 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; common faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings on faces of peds; less than 2 percent fine gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 8 to 25 inches.)
BC--32 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very fine roots; 5 percent fine gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
C--36 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; 2 percent fine gravel; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Cass County, Illinois; about 5 miles east and 2 miles north of Beardstown; 99 feet south and 990 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 18 N., R. 11 W.; USGS Clearlake, Il. topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 02 minutes 51 seconds N. and long. 090 degrees 19 minutes 58 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the cambic horizon ranges from 22 to 40 inches. The series control section ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline. Some pedons contain carbonates within a depth of 40 inches. The particle-size control section averages between 5 and 18 percent clay and between 50 and 90 percent sand. The dominant sand size is fine or very fine.
The upper part of the series control section (Ap, A, and/or AB horizons) has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. It typically is fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or sandy loam, and less commonly is loam, loamy fine sand, loamy very fine sand, loamy sand or silt loam. Content of rock fragments ranges from 0 to 20 percent.
The next part of the series control section (Bw horizon) has hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4 in the upper part and value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 4 in the lower part. It is loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand or loamy very fine sand. Content of rock fragments ranges from 0 to 10 percent.
The lower part of the series control section (BC, C horizon) has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR, or 2.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 1 to 4. It is sand, fine sand, very fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand, loamy very fine sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam and is stratified in many pedons. Content of rock fragments ranges from 0 to 10 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Lash series. Lash soils have cambic horizons that extend to below a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Landes soils are on natural levees, low terraces, and bars on flood plains. Slopes commonly are 0 to 3 percent, but range to as steep as 7 percent. These soils formed in loamy and sandy alluvium of recent origin that is stratified with subtle differences in texture or organic carbon content. Mean annual temperature ranges from 45 to 57 degrees F, mean annual precipitation ranges from 27 to 45 inches, frost free days range from 140 to 210 days, and elevation ranges form 340 feet to 1,020 feet above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Beaucoup, Darwin, Genesee, Riley, Tice, and Titus. Beaucoup, Darwin, Tice, and Titus soils average more than 18 percent clay and less than 50 percent sand in the control section. The poorly drained and very poorly drained Beaucoup and Darwin soils and the poorly drained Titus soils are commonly in old channel beds adjacent to Landes soils. The somewhat poorly drained Tice soils are in similar, but generally lower positions on the flood plain. The well drained Genesee soils average more than 18 percent clay in the control section and are in similar positions on the flood plain. The somewhat poorly drained Riley soils average more than 18 percent clay in the upper part of the control section and are in similar, but generally lower positions on the flood plain nearby.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is low. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper and middle parts of the series control section and rapid in the lower part. Flooding from stream overflow is common during the late winter and early spring. A moderately wet phase is recognized that has a seasonal high water table at a depth 4 to 6 feet at some time between March and May in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, and small grains are the principal crops. Native vegetation includes both grasses and deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Ohio, and West Virginia. The soils this series are of large extent (about 159,000 acres correlated) in MLRA'S 98, 108, 109, 111, 113, 114, 115 and 127.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lawrence County, Illinois, 1952.
REMARKS: Some of the soils correlated in the past as Landes probably are Entisols. The current series concept includes a wide variety of USDA textures, but much of the variability is related to size of the sand fraction. The sands and loamy sands contain a sufficient amount of very fine sand to place them in the coarse-loamy taxonomic family.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 19 inches (Ap, A, and AB horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from 19 to 32 inches (Bw1, Bw2, and Bw3 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Data for the type location, pedon No. 82IL-017-17, is on file at the Illinois state office.