LOCATION LAMARTINE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Lamartine silt loam - on a 4 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 890 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium and fine granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--8 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; weak medium platy structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; friable; many worm casts; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--11 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary. (4 to 6 inches thick)
Bt2--17 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular and angular blocky structure parting to moderate fine subangular and angular blocky; firm; many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear irregular boundary. (8 to 12 inches thick)
2Bt3--28 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 4/3 and 5/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular and angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear irregular boundary. (2 to 8 inches thick)
2C--35 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 8 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin; about 2 1/2 miles north of Eldorado; 875 feet east and 2590 feet south from the northwest corner of sec. 17, T. 16 N., R. 16 E. USGS Eldorado, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 51 minutes 31 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 37 minutes 17 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 24 to 40 inches. Thickness of the loess mantle ranges from 20 to 36 inches. The particle-size control section averages 25 to 35 percent clay. Rock fragments typically are absent in the loess mantle. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 15 percent in 2Bt horizon and from 5 to 50 percent in the 2C horizon. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 3 percent in the 2Bt and 2C horizons. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the solum and from slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline in the substratum. Redox features and saturation typically occur throughout the soil below the Ap horizon and redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less are in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is typically silty clay loam and, less commonly, silt loam.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or neutral; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 0 to 6. Texture is clay loam or loam. Carbonates are in the lower bart of the 2Bt horizon in some pedons.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is typically loam, but the range includes sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs. Sand content ranges from 40 to 70 percent. The calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 20 to 90 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Millstream and
Vasa series. Millstream soils have more than 75 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Vasa soils are more than 40 inches thick to the base of the argillic and to the base of the loess mantle and are more than 50 inches deep to carbonates.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lamartine soils typically are on nearly level to sloping ridgetops and foot slopes of ground moraines and interdrumlin areas. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. These soils formed in loess and in the underlying loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 27 to 35 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 53 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Conover, Dodge, Kendall, and Mayville soils. The well drained Dodge and the moderately well drained Mayville are common associates on the somewhat steeper gradients. Kendall soils are on nearby areas of similar slopes where loess thickens beyond 36 inches, and Conover soils are on nearby areas of similar slopes where loess thins out to less than 20 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to medium. Permeability is moderate. These soils have an apparent seasonal high water table at a depth of 1 to 2.5 feet for some time in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the soil is used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation is primarily deciduous forest with maple-basswood and oak-hickory predominating.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeastern Wisconsin. The Lamartine soils are of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Green County, Wisconsin, 1969.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 11 inches (Ap, E); argillic horizon - 11 to 35 inches (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3); mollic feature have an Ap horizon with color value, moist, of less than 4 and color value, dry, of less than 6; aquic feature redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and saturation in the upper 25 cm of the argillic horizon.