LOCATION LAHAINA HIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Rhodic Eutrustox
Typical Pedon: Lahaina silty clay - irrigated sugarcane. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures.")
Ap1--0 to 7 inches; dark brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) dry; weak fine, medium and coarse granular structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; many roots; many fine and very fine pores; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; common small earthy lumps that break down on persistent rubbing; strong effervescence with hydrogen peroxide; moderately acid (pH 6.O); abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
Ap2--7 to 15 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; compacted by machinery; many roots; few medium and fine pores; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; moderately acid (pH 5.7); abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
Bo1--15 to 23 inches; dusky red (10R 3/3) silty clay, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) dry; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and very plastic; many roots; many fine and very fine pores; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; slightly acid (pH 6.1); gradual wavy boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)
Bo2--23 to 31 inches; dusky red (10R 3/3) silty clay, dusky red (10YR 3/4) dry; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common roots; many fine and very fine pores; nearly continuous pressure faces on peds; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; violent effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; moderately acid (pH 6.0); gradual wavy boundary. (6 to 15 inches thick)
Bo3--31 to 46 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay loam, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) dry; moderate medium subangular block structure parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; very compact in place; few roots; many medium and fine pores; nearly continuous pressure faces on peds; few weathered basalt stones and boulders; many 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; slightly acid (pH 6.1); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 18 inches thick)
BC-46 to 60 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) silty clay loam, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) dry; strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; many fine pores; many small patchy pressure faces on peds; common 1 to 3 mm black concretions that effervesce with hydrogen peroxide; many strongly weathered 1/4 to 2 mm basalt particles; common weathered basalt stones; slight effervescence with hydrogen peroxide in matrix; moderately acid (pH 6.0).
TYPE LOCATION: Island of Maui, Maui County, Hawaii; Lahaina Quadrangle - 20 degrees 55 minutes 28 seconds north latitude and 156 degrees 40 minutes 27 seconds west longitude; on the Pioneer Mill Company plantation 1.5 mile east of Kaanapali and 0.75 mile southeast of Puukolii Camp.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The solum ranges from 40 to more than 60 inches thick. Mean annual soil temperature is about 73 degrees F.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR through 10R, chroma of 3 or 4 moist and 3 through 6 dry.
The B horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 10R, and chroma of 3 or 4 moist and 3 through 6 dry. It has moderate or strong structure in the lower part of the B horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Kahana, Molokai, and Wahiawa series. Kahana soils have strong structure throughout most of the B horizon. Molokai soils have prismatic structure in the upper B horizon and silty clay loam texture in the control section. Wahiawa soils have moderate structure in the A and B horizons and have concretions and stains of manganese dioxide throughout the solum.
The Niu and Lihue series are similar. Niu soils have silty clay loam and prismatic structure in the upper part of the B horizon. Lihue soils have ferruginous mineralogy.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Lahaina soils are on intermediate uplands. Slopes range from 0 to 40 percent. Elevation ranges from 10 to 1,500 feet. The soils formed in residuum and alluvium from basic igneous rock. Average annual rainfall is 20 to 35 inches. Mean annual temperature is about 73 F., average January temperature is 7l degrees F., and average July temperature is 77 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Kahana, Molokai and Wahiawa soils and the Helemano, Hoolehua, and Pamoa soils. Helemano soils have moderate structure in the A horizon and do not effervesce with hydrogen peroxide in the B horizon. Hoolehua and Pamoa soils do not have an oxic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to rapid runoff, depending upon slope; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used mainly for growing pineapple and irrigated sugarcane. Vegetation is cactus (Opuntia megacantha), fingergrass (Chloris sp..), kiawe (Prosopis pallida), koa haole (Leucaena glauca), and lantana (Lantana camara).
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Islands of Lanai, Maui, Molokai, and Oahu, Hawaii. The series is moderately extensive comprising about 21,000 acres.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Soil Survey, Territory of Hawaii, 1949.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon- The zone from 0 to 15 inches (Ap1, Ap2)
oxic horizon- The zone from 15 to 46 inches (Bo1, Bo2, Bo3)