LOCATION KITTERMAN          IN

KITTERMAN SERIES

The Kitterman series consists of moderately deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in residuum that can be capped by up to 10 inches of loess. Kitterman soils are on scarps and benches of hills underlain with shale interbedded with sandstone. They are slowly permeable. Slopes range from 12 to 24 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 43 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 54 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Kitterman channery silty clay loam on a 15 percent convex slope in a forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) channery silty clay loam; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; many medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation; 25 percent sandstone channers; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)

Bt1--2 to 10 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots between peds; common distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--10 to 13 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine and medium roots between peds; many distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions in the matrix; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3--13 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many fine roots between peds; many distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent light gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions and many strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix and pore linings; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 14 to 28 inches.)

BCtg--22 to 27 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) extremely parachannery clay; moderate thick platy structure; firm; common fine roots; common gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 80 percent weakly cemented parachanners (shale); moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)

Cr--27 to 60 inches; weakly cemented shale interbedded with thin layers of strongly cemented sandstone.

TYPE LOCATION: Perry County, Indiana; 1,500 feet east and 1,150 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 32, T. 5 S., R. 1 W. USGS Derby, IN Quadrangle: lat. 38 degrees 32 minutes 0 seconds N. and long. 86 degrees 32 minutes 42 seconds W; NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of the argillic and the depth to a paralithic contact is 20 to 40 inches. The loess thickness ranges from 0 to 10 inches. The particle-size control section averages 60 to 70 percent clay and 1 to 10 percent sand. Rock fragments range from 0 to 25 percent channers and flagstones (sandstone) throughout the series control section.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to moderately acid.

The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 4 to 6. Redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less are in the upper 10 inches of the argillic horizon. Texture is dominantly clay or channery clay, and includes thin horizons in the upper part that are silty clay loam or silty clay. It averages 60 to 70 percent clay, and 1 to 10 percent sand. Reaction is strongly acid or very strongly acid.

The BC, BCtg horizons have hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 6 and has redox depletions. Texture is the channery to extremely parachannery analogues clay or silty clay, and includes channery clay. It averages 40 to 70 percent clay and 1 to 10 percent sand. Parachanners (shale) range from 15 to 85 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.

The Cr horizon is weakly or moderately cemented shale and commonly is interbedded with thin layers of strongly or more cemented sandstone.

COMPETING SERIES: Wilpoint is the only competing series. Wilpoint soils do not have a paralithic contact in the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kitterman soils are on scarps and benches of hills underlain with shale interbedded with sandstone. They formed in residuum fromshale that can be capped by up to 10 inches of loess. The shale is dominantly from the Mississippian-age. The mean annual temperature ranges from 52 to 57 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 47 inches. Frost-free days range from 170 to 200.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Adyeville, Apalona , Deuchars, Ebal, and Wellston soils. The somewhat excessively drained, moderately deep Adyeville soils have less clay and are on similar landform positions as the Kitterman soils. The moderately well drained, very deep Apalona soils are commonly on summits and shoulders of hills. The very deep, moderately well drained Ebal and the very deep, moderately well drained Deuchars soils are on similar landform positions as Kitterman soils. The well drained, deep Wellston soils are on similar landform positions on higher lying hills.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Permeability is slow. Runoff is medium or rapid. Depth to an intermittent, perched high water table is at 1.0 to 2.0 feet from December through April in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are in mixed, deciduous forest, pasture or wildlife habitat.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Indiana. The Kitterman soil is of small extent in MLRA 120.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Perry County, Indiana, 1997. The source of the name is from a named intersection in northern Perry County.

REMARKS: Diagnostic surface and subsurface horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: 1) Ochric epipedon- the zone from 0 to 2 inches (A); 2) Argillic horizon- the zone from 2 to 27 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, BCtg); 3) Redoximorphic depletions- from 2 to 27 inches.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Data on pedons S92-IN123-502 (typical pedon) and S91-IN123-505, are on file at the NSSC, Lincoln, NE.