LOCATION KIRKLAND OK+KS TXEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Udertic Paleustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Kirkland silt loam--cultivated. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), dry; silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2), moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; soft, very friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is less than 1 mmhos/cm; SAR is less than 1; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (6 to l4 inches thick)
Bt1--8 to 19 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), dry; silty clay, black (10YR 2/1), moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; few fine rounded iron-manganese concretions; 65 percent of volume has distinct discontinuous clay films in root channels and pores; electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is less than 1 mmhos/cm; SAR is 2; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (11 to 15 inches thick)
Bt2--19 to 28 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2), dry; silty clay, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2), moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; about 2 percent of volume is prominent continuous intersecting slickensides on ped faces; slightly alkaline; electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is less than 1 mmhos/cm; SAR is 4; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)
Bt3--28 to 42 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2), dry; silty clay, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2), moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; few fine and medium irregular carbonate threads; few medium rounded carbonate concretions; few medium rounded iron-manganese concretions; common distinct discontinuous clay films on ped faces; common prominent continuous intersecting slickensides; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is 1 mmhos/cm; SAR is 6; gradual wavy boundary. (l0 to 20 inches thick)
2Bt1--42 to 51 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) dry; silty clay, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; strong medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; extremely hard, extremely firm; few very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; few fine and medium rounded iron-manganese concretions; common faint continuous clay films on ped faces; common distinct continuous intersecting slickensides; moderately alkaline; strongly effervescent; electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is 1.5 mmhos/cm; SAR is 7; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 16 inches).
2Btk--51 to 60 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) dry; silty clay, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) moist; many fine and common medium distinct dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles, mottles are associated with root channels; moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very hard, very firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; few fine and medium rounded iron-manganese concretions and few coarse rounded iron-manganese concretions; few medium and coarse carbonate concretions; cracks between peds are filled with dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) silty clay loam material; moderately alkaline; strongly effervescent; 1 percent quartzite pebbles; electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is 1.76 mmhos/cm; SAR is 8; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 18 inches).
2Bt2--60 to 75 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) dry; silty clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; common fine and medium prominent gray (10YR 6/1) and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) mottles, mottles are associated with root channels; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; few very fine and fine roots throughout; common fine vesicular and tubular and common very fine vesicular and tubular pores; cracks between peds filled with dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) silty clay loam material from above; slightly alkaline; strongly effervescent; electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is 2.16 mmhos/cm; SAR is 8; diffuse wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches).
2Bt3--75 to 82 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) dry; silty clay, dark red (2.5YR 3/6) moist; few medium prominent brown (7.5YR 5/3), common fine distinct reddish gray (5YR 5/2)and common fine prominent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) mottles, mottles are associated with root channels; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; common very fine roots throughout; common fine and very fine vesicular and tubular pores; few fine irregular threads of calcium carbonate; slightly alkaline; strongly effervescent; electrical conductivity of the saturation extract is 2.12 mmhos/cm; SAR is 7; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 11 inches).
2Cr--82 to 98 inches; red (2.5YR 5/8) dry; weakly cemented siltstone, red (2.5YR 4/8) exterior moist; very hard, very firm; very few very fine roots in cracks; very slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Logan County, Oklahoma; about 4 miles south and 8 miles west of Guthrie; l,000 feet north and l50 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 36, T. l6 N., R. 4 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is more than 60 inches. Depth to secondary lime ranges from 25 to 50 inches. Cracks within 125 cm of the soil surface that are 5 mm or more wide through a thickness of 30 cm or more for some time in most years, and slickensides in a layer 15 cm or more thick that has its upper boundary within 125 cm of the soil surface; or a linear extensibility of 6.0 cm or more between the mineral soil surface and a depth of 100 cm.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR. value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam. It is moderately acid through neutral. The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract ranges from 0 to 1 mmhos/cm. The SAR ranges from 1 to 4.
The Bt1 horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is clay or silty clay and neutral or slightly alkaline. The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract ranges from 0 to 2 mmhos/cm. The SAR ranges from 2 to 12.
The Bt2 horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is clay or silty clay and neutral through moderately alkaline. The clay content ranges from 40 to 60 percent in the Bt1 and Bt2 horizons. The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract ranges from 0 to 2 mmhos/cm. The SAR ranges from 2 to 12.
The Bt3 horizons have hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Texture is clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam and clay content ranges from 35 to 60 percent. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and calcareous. The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract ranges from 2 to 4 mmhos/cm. The SAR ranges from 3 to 16.
The 2Bt horizons have hue of 2.5YR to 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 8. Texture is clay, silty clay, clay loam, or silty clay loam and clay content ranges from 35 to 60 percent. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and calcareous. The electrical conductivity of the saturation extract ranges from 3 to 16 mmhos/cm. The SAR ranges from 2 to 4.
The 2Cr horizon is reddish weakly consolidated shale, clay or siltstone. It is moderately alkaline and calcareous. This material has low to moderate excavation difficulty. Fractures are greater than 10 cm apart. The material is dense enough to be root restrictive. This material slakes in water within 15 hours.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Agra and Renfrow series. Agra and Renfrow soils have a mollic epipedon less than 20 inches thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kirkland soils are on nearly level or very gently sloping uplands of the Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA 80A). Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. They formed in material weathered from predominantly clayey mantles over shale or clay beds. The climate is subhumid. Average Annual Precipitation: 26 to 38 inches. Mean Annual Temperature: 58 to 64 degrees F. Thornthwaite Annual P-E indices: 44 to 64. Frost Free Days: 190 to 230. Elevation: 800 to 1300 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Aydelotte, Bethany, Doolin, Grainola, Pawhuska, Piedmont, Pond Creek, Renfrow, Renthin, Tabler, and Waurika series. Aydelotte, Grainola, Piedmont, Renthin, and Renfrow soils are on side slopes in lower parts of the landscape. Also, Aydelotte, and Grainola soils lack a mollic epipedon. Bethany soils are on slightly higher parts of the landscape. Pawhuska and Doolin soils are on nearby landscapes and have a natric horizon. Pond Creek soils are on high terraces and are fine-silty. Tabler soils are on the same landscape in slightly lower positions. Waurika soils are on nearby landscapes in slightly concave areas. Renthin and Piedmont soils have solum less than 60 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; permeability is very slow; runoff is high on 0 to 1 percent slopes and very high on 1 to 3 percent slopes.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are mainly cultivated. Small grains, grain sorghums, and cotton are the principal crops. Some areas are used for tame pasture or rangeland. Native vegetation is tall and mid grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA 80A) of Central Oklahoma, and south-central Kansas. The series is extensive.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reconnaissance of Panhandle Region of Texas; l9l0.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 19 inches (A and upper Bt horizons).
Argillic horizon - the zone from 8 inches to a depth of 82 inches (Bt horizons).
Accumulation of carbonates - the zone from 28 inches to 42 inches (Btk horizons).
Non-paralithic contact- root restricting geologic bedrock material that is not paralithic (Cr horizon).
Udic-ustic soil moisture regime.
Lithologic discontinuity at 42 inches.
ADDITIONAL DATA: O.S.U. lab. data - sample no. 83OK-42-1-8; NSSL data - sample no. S91OK-083-005.
SOIL INTERPRETATION RECORD: OK0055 Kirkland Series