LOCATION KENOMA             KS+MO

KENOMA SERIES

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Kenoma silt loam - in a native grass meadow. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; upper 4 inches moderate fine platy structure parting to weak fine granular; lower 3 inches weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, friable; many fine roots; many worm casts; few fine chert fragments; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (13 to 30 centimeters (5 to 13 inches thick)

Bt1--18 to 28 centimeters (7 to 11 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; many vertical streaks of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam; common fine faint mottles of brown (10YR 5/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4); weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak very fine blocky; hard, very firm; common fine roots; few fine pores; light gray (10YR 7/1) silt coatings on peds in upper 1 1/2 inches; few worm casts; thin discontinuous clay films; black concretions (oxides); few fine chert fragments; moderately acid; clear irregular boundary.

Bt2--28 to 43 centimeters (11 to 17 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay, faces of peds, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), brown (10YR 4/3) dry; few fine vertical streaks of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam; common fine faint mottles of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4); weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common fine roots; few fine pores; thin distinct clay films; black concretions (oxides); few fine chert fragments; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary.

Bt3--43 to 66 centimeters (17 to 26 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, few fine vertical streaks of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam; common very fine faint mottles of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and 5/6); weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few very fine pores; thin distinct clay films; black concretions (oxides); few fine chert fragments; neutral; gradual irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is (38 to 130 centimeters (15 to 51 inches.)

BC--66 to 97 centimeters (26 to 38 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) dry; common very fine faint mottles of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4); weak very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; black concretions (oxides); few fine chert fragments; few small lime concretions; moderately alkaline; diffuse boundary. (0 to 51 centimeters (0 to 20 inches thick)

C1--97 to 142 centimeters (38 to 56 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry; common fine, faint mottles of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4); massive; hard, firm; common black concretions (oxides); few fine chert fragments; few lime concretions up to 1 1/2 inches in diameter; moderately alkaline; diffuse boundary.

C2--142 to 152 centimeters (56 to 60 inches); mottled reddish brown (5YR 4/4), light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), pale olive (5Y 6/3), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; massive; hard, firm; many black films and stains; few small lime concretions; small fragments of decomposed shale; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Anderson County, Kansas; about 0.5 mile east of Lone Elm; 533 meters (1,750 feet) east and 168 meters (550 feet) north of southwest corner, sec. 32, T. 22 S., R. 20 E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 76 to 152 centimeters (30 to 60 inches)
Fragment content: less than 20 percent water-worn chert in any horizon
Depth to limestone or shale: greater than 40 inches
Particle size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3 and 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 29 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

Bt horizon (upper):
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 2 or 3 and 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Redox: common to many brown, yellowish brown, or reddish brown mottles.
Texture: silty clay or clay
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

Bt horizon (lower):
Hue: 10YR to 5YR
Value: 3 to 6 and 4 or 7 dry
Chroma: 2 or 6
Redox: common to many brown, yellowish brown, or reddish brown mottles.
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay or clay
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately akaline

C horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6 and 5 to 7 dry
Chroma: 2 to 6
Redox: fine to coarse yellowish brown, yellowish red, reddish brown, reddish yellow, light brownish gray or pale olive mottles
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline
In some pedons, fragments of limestone and bedded shale are in the C horizon.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Parisian and Wagstaff series.
Parisian soils have a solum more than 152 centimeters (60 inches) thick
Wagstaff soils have a solum of 51 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform: erosional upland divides or terraces that typically have a convex surface.
Slope: 0 to 7 percent.
Parent material: formed in sediments high in silt and clay.
These sediments are presumed to be old alluvium containing water-worn gravel but may contain loess in the upper part and grade into residuum from interbedded limestone and shale in the lower part.
Mean annual temperature varies from 14 to 18 degrees C (57 to 64 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation varies from 89 to 114 centimeters (35 to 45 inches)
Thornthwaites Annual P-E Index ranges from 60 to 80.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dennis, Eram, Summit, and Woodson soils. Dennis, Eram, and Summit soils are typically on lower topographic positions than Kenoma soils.
Woodson soils are nearly level.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Moderately well drained
Runoff: slow or medium
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: very low

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Kenoma soils are cultivated.
Common cultivated crops are wheat, grain sorghum, corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. Native vegetation is mainly big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, and switchgrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeast Kansas and possibly southwest Missouri and northeast Oklahoma. The soils of this series are of large extent.

MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Anderson County, Kansas, March, 1972.

REMARKS: Partial analysis on 3 samples from the type location site (71L296-298) show appreciable exchangeable sodium although not enough to be a natric horizon.

At the type location the Bt horizon contains between 10 and 13 percent exchangeable sodium.