LOCATION KAUKAUNA WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey over loamy, mixed, active, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Kaukauna silty clay loam - on a 3 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 800 feet above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--9 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) silty clay; weak thin platy structure; friable; many fine roots; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 18 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; moderate very fine angular and subangular blocky structure; firm; many faint clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--18 to 26 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; common fine roots; many faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt3--26 to 37 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; common fine roots; many faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 12 to 36 inches.)
2Bt4--37 to 44 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
2Bt5--44 to 48 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few distinct faint reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay films in interstitial pores; many fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline, clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons ranges from 0 to 12 inches.)
2C--48 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and brown (10YR 5/3) stratified very fine sandy loam, very fine sand, and silt; weak thin plates; very friable; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many coarse distinct and faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Winnebago County, Wisconsin; about 1/2 mile south of Oshkosh; 1,360 feet north and 390 feet west of the southeast corner, sec. 35, T. 18 N., R. 16 E. USGS Van Dyne, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 59 minutes 06 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 32 minutes 38 seconds W., NAD-83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 30 to 50 inches. Rock fragments typically are absent throughout the pedon. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the clayey deposits and from neutral to moderately alkaline in the 2Bt horizon. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the substratum. Carbonates typically are in the C horizon and, in many pedons, are in the 2Bt horizon. Redox accumulations and saturation occur within a depth of 40 inches for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silty clay loam.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay.
The Bthorizon typically has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR and less commonly 7.5YR. Value is 3 to 5, and chroma is 3 or 4. Texture is typically clay, but thin subhorizons of silty clay or silty clay loam ( >35 percent clay) are in some pedons.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam, loam, or very fine sandy loam.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 to 8. Texture is stratified layers of silt, silt loam, very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy very fine sand, loamy fine sand, very fine sand or fine sand.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kaukauna soils are on stream terraces and glacial lake basins. Slope ranges from 0 to 4 percent. The soils formed in clayey lacustrine deposits and in underlying stratified silty to very fine sandy lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 32 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from between 44 and 47 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Manawa, Poy, Poygan, Winneconne, and Zittau soils. The somewhat poorly drained Manawa and Zittau, and poorly drained Poy and Poygan soils are in drainageways and depressions. Winneconne soils occupy similar landscape positions as the Kaukauna soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is medium or high. Permeability is slow or very slow in the clayey deposit and moderate or moderately slow in the underlying deposit. These soils have an apparent seasonal high water table at a depth of 2.5 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more per year in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, oats, and alfalfa. Small areas are used for in pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is deciduous forest. Common trees are sugar maple, northern red oak, white ash, and red maple.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Wisconsin. The Kaukauna soils are of small extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Outagamie County, Wisconsin, 1975.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 12 inches (A, E); argillic horizon - 12 to 48 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, 2Bt4, 2Bt5); mollic subgroup - Ap horizon that has color value and chroma, moist, of less than 4, and color value, dry, of less than 6; oxyaquic feature redox features and saturation within 40 inches.