LOCATION KAPOD UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcic Argixerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Kapod very cobbly loam--rangeland. (Colors are for air-dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A1--0 to 15 cm; dark brown (10YR 3/3) very cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak thick platy and medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and few medium roots; about 50 percent cobbles and gravel, and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 28 cm thick)
A2--15 to 33 cm; dark brown (10YR 3/3) extremely cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and few medium roots; about 60 percent cobbles and gravel, and 5 to 10 percent stones; neutral (pH 6.7); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 18 cm thick)
Bt1--33 to 46 cm; brown (10YR 4/3) extremely cobbly sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and very fine roots; few fine and very fine pores; many thin clay films on faces of peds; slight effervescence; about 70 percent cobbles and gravel, and 5 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.1); clear wavy boundary. (13 to 15 cm thick)
Bt2--46 to 79 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely cobbly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine and very fine roots; few fine pores; common thin clay films on faces of peds; about 70 percent cobbles and gravel, and 5 percent stones; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (18 to 33 thick)
Bk--79 to 132 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) extremely gravelly loam; pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; about 70 percent gravel; violent effervescent; carbonates are in veins; slightly alkaline (pH 7.7); clear wavy boundary. (18 to 89 cm thick)
C--132 to 168 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) very gravelly loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) moist; massive; hard, firm, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; 50 percent gravel; violent effervescence; slightly alkaline (pH 7.7).
TYPE LOCATION: Box Elder County, Utah; about 2 miles west of Garland Cemetery; 1,600 feet south and 160 feet west of the north 1/4 corner, sec. 29, T. 12 N., R. 3 W., SLBM; USGS Riverside, Utah 7.5 minute quadrangle; latitude 41 degrees 45 minutes 2 seconds N. and longitude 112 degrees 12 minutes 8 seconds W; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Moist in winter and spring and continuously dry in all parts for significant periods in summer and fall (xeric soil moisture regime bordering aridic).
Mean annual soil temperature: 8.0 to 10.5 degrees C
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 25 to 50 cm
Depth to secondary carbonates: 50 to 85 cm
Particle-size control section:
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content: 35 to 75 percent
A horizon:
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Rock fragment content: 15 to 60 percent
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.
Bt horizon:
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: very cobbly sandy clay loam, very cobbly loam, very cobbly clay loam, very gravelly loam, very gravelly clay loam, extremely gravelly clay loam, extremely gravelly loam, extremely cobbly loam or extremely cobbly sandy clay loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content: 35 to 75 percent
Reaction: Neutral to moderately alkaline
Effervescence: Noneffervescent to strongly effervescent in the lower parts
Ped and void surface features: few to continuous and thin to moderately thick clay films on faces of peds
Bk and C horizons:
Values: 6 to 8 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: extremely gravelly loam, extremely gravelly sandy loam, very gravelly loam, very cobbly sandy loam, and very cobbly sandy clay loam
Clay content: 10 to 27 percent
Rock fragment content: 35 to 70 percent
Reaction: Slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent to violently effervescent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent in the Bk horizon (some pedons are weakly cemented)
Electrical conductivity: 0 to 2 mmhos per centimeter
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Butterfield (UT), Red Butte (UT), Schuelke (WA) and Tannahill (ID) series. Butterfield and Schuelke soils have a lithic contact between depths of 50 to 100 cm. Red Butte soils have a depth to the calcic of 33 to 50 cm and depth to base of Bt is 33 to 50 cm. Tannahill soils are 100 to 150 cm deep to basalt bedrock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Kapod soils are at elevations of 1,370 to 2010 m. Slopes are 2 to 50 percent. The soils occur on sloping to moderately steep fan remnants, mountain slopes, hills and lake terraces formed in alluvium derived dominantly from sandstone, quartzite and limestone. The climate is dry subhumid. The average annual precipitation is 300 to 400 mm. Mean annual temperature is 7.0 to 11.0 degrees C, and the freeze-free period is 100 to 140 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Birdow, DeJarnet, Forsgren, Kidman, Parleys, Timpanogos and Yeates Hollow soils and the competing Bingham and Middle soils. Birdow and DeJarnet soils have a mollic epipedon more than 20 inches thick and lack argillic horizons. Forsgren soils have clay argillic horizons. Kidman soils have fine sandy loam control sections with less than 20 percent gravel. Parleys soils have clay loam argillic horizons and lack coarse fragments. Timpanogos soils have silt loam or loam argillic horizons and lack coarse fragments. Yeates Hollow soils have clay argillic horizons and have more than 35 percent coarse fragments.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium to very high runoff; moderate permeability; moderately high to high saturated hydraulic conductivity.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for rangeland. Small acreages of this soil near Tooele are used for non-irrigated alfalfa. The native vegetation is mainly bluebunch wheatgrass, Indian ricegrass, Great Basin wildrye, bitterbrush, western wheatgrass, and big sagebrush. In Utah this series is correlated with upland range sites.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern and Central Utah. This soil is moderately extensive. MLRA 25 and 28A.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Reno, Nevada
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Box Elder County, East Box Elder Soil Survey Area, Utah, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - the zone of dark colored soil material from the soil surface to a depth of 46 cm. (A1, A2 and Bt1 horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone of clay accumulation from 33 to 79 cm. (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Calcic horizon - the layer of carbonate accumulation. The zone from 79 to 132 cm. (Bk horizon)