LOCATION KANIMA OK+KS MOEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, nonacid, thermic Alfic Udarents
TYPICAL PEDON: Kanima gravelly silty clay loam--idleland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) gravelly silty clay loam; massive; friable; shale gravel fragments make up 20 percent by volume; few fine coal fragments; neutral; diffuse wavy boundary. (4 to 12 inches thick)
C--6 to 72 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) extremely gravelly silty clay loam; massive; friable; very dark gray (N 3/0) shale gravel fragments make up 70 percent by volume in the upper part and 85 percent by volume in the lower part; coal fragments make up 2 percent by volume; few fragments of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) granular silt loam and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam having thin patchy clay films; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Haskell County, Oklahoma; about 3 miles south of Tamaha, 2,100 feet south and 1,300 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 8, T. 10 N., R. 22 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Coal fragments range from a 0 to 5 percent in all horizons.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is massive and hard or very hard when dry. Where the A horizon has values of 3, the C horizon has values of 3 or less. Texture is gravelly clay loam, gravelly silty clay loam, gravelly loam, gravelly silt loam, very gravelly clay loam, very gravelly silty clay loam, very gravelly loam, very gravelly silt loam, extremely gravelly clay loam, extremely gravelly silty clay loam, extremely gravelly loam, extremely gravelly silt loam, stony clay loam, stony loam, stony silty clay loam, gravelly silty clay, stony silt loam or very channery silt loam. Content of coarse fragments ranges from 15 to 90 percent by volume. About 15 to 90 percent by volume is less than 76 mm in diameter and 0 to 25 percent by volume is more than 76 mm in diameter. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is very gravelly loam, very gravelly silt loam, very gravelly clay loam, very gravelly silty clay loam, extremely gravelly clay loam, extremely gravelly silty clay loam, extremely gravelly loam, extremely gravelly silt loam or extremely channery silt loam. Content of coarse fragments range from 35 to 90 percent by volume. About 35 to 90 percent by volume is less than 76 mm in diameter and 5 to 30 percent by volume is more than 76 mm in diameter. Fragments of rock are gray, brown, yellow, or white. The C horizon contains pockets or fragments of an argillic horizon similar to those of the associated Alfisols. The pockets or fragments have higher chroma than the C horizon. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kanima soils are on gently sloping valleys and very steep hills or ridges that were formed as the result of strip mining operations. The long narrow hills or ridges are 20 to 100 feet higher than the narrow valleys. Slopes are 1 to 70 percent. They formed in excavated loamy material weathered from sandstone, shale, and limestone of Pennsylvanian age. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 38 to 52 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 57 degrees to 64 degrees F. Thornthwaite annual P-E indices are greater than 64. Elevation range from 500 to 1000 feet. Frost free days range from 200 to 240.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Bokoshe, Burwell, Carytown, Counts, Dennis, Liberal, Okemah, Parsons, Sobal, Stigler, Tamaha, Vian, Wing, and Wister series. Bokoshe soils have fragipans and occupy side slopes on adjacent topography. Burwell soils have Bt horizons and are on mounds. Carytown and Wing soils have natric horizons and are on adjacent topography. Counts, Dennis, Liberal, Okemah, Parsons, Sobal, Stigler, Tamaha, Vian, and Wister soils have Bt horizons and are on adjacent topography. In addition, Dennis and Okemah soils have mollic epipedons.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Kanima soils are well drained. Runoff is very low to very high and permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for wildlife habitat, recreation, and landfills. Vegetation on the older spoil banks is winged elm, common hackberry, American sycamore, eastern cottonwood, sumac, and black locust with a sparse to moderate understory of grasses, legumes, and weeds.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Cherokee Prairies, Arkansas Valley and Ridges, and Ouachita Mountains land resource areas of Oklahoma and other states that have strip mining operations. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Haskell County, Oklahoma; 1972.
REMARKS: Soil Interpretation Record: Series OK0006
Stony OK0251
Clayey OK0343
These soils were formerly classified as a land type named Mine pits and dumps. These soils are the spoil banks that were formed as the result of strip mining. The strip mines were worked with equipment such as bulldozers and drag lines.
Diagnostic horizon and features in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0 to 6 inches.
Argillic horizon - 6 to 72 inches. This horizon is made up of parts of argillic horizons from other soils without discernible order.
Base saturation is more than 35 percent.
Udic moisture regime: moisture control section is dry in some part less than 90 days per year.