LOCATION KANAWHA WV+OHEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Kanawha fine sandy loam, cultivated. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
BA--9 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--16 to 28 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common roots; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds and in pores; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 40 inches thick)
Bt2--28 to 44 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common roots; thin patchy clay films on faces of peds and in pores; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 22 inches thick)
BC--44 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few roots; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 18 inches thick)
C--52 to 65 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)fine sandy loam; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; massive; friable; few roots; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Kanawha county, West Virginia; approximately
100 feet west of Coal River and 1/4 mile north of Mannone Branch near the Lincoln County line.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 72 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 72 inches. Rock fragments of gravel and channers range from 0 to 15 percent in the Ap horizon, 0 to 20 percent in individual subhorizons of the B horizon, and 0 to 60 percent in the C horizon. The particle-size control section averages 18 to 35 percent clay. In unlimed areas reaction ranges from strongly acid to moderately acid in the Ap, BA and upper part of the Bt horizons, and moderately acid to neutral in the lower part of the Bt, BC and C horizons.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Some pedons have value of 3 (6 dry). Texture of the fine earth fraction is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam or silt loam.
The BA, Bt and BC horizons have hue of 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 8. Texture of the fine earth fraction is loam, silt loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, and less commonly fine sandy loam.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 1 to 6. High and low chroma redoximorphic features are common in the C horizon. Texture of the fine earth fraction is fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam or sandy loam. In some pedons the C horizon is stratified and may contain strata of loamy sand.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Amanda, Belmont, Belmore, Chili, Cliftycreek, Crouse, Gallman, Greybrook, Hickory, High Gap, Kidder, Kosciusko, Lumberton, Martinsville, Ockley, Princeton, Richardville, Riddles, Senachwine, Strawn, and Wawaka series. The tentative Turnersburg series may also compete. Amanda soils have less sand in the lower part of the solum and formed in loamy glacial till. Belmont and High Gap soils have all or part of the sola formed in residuum weathered from bedrock and have sola terminated by a lithic or paralithic contact. Belmore and Gallman soils have a lithologic discontinuity within a depth of 40 inches. Chili soils have more sand in the lower part of the solum and formed in glaciofluvial sediments. Cliftycreek soils formed in loamy till and in the underlying clayey residuum over bedrock high in carbonates. Crouse soils formed in a thin layer of loess and recent Wisconsinan till over older Wisconsinan till mixed with Illinoian till. Greybrook soils formed in loess and in an underlying paleosol in lacustrine sediments. Kosciusko and Miami soils have a lithologic discontinuity and free carbonates within a depth of 40 inches. Hickory and Riddles soils have glacial pebbles throughout the sola. Kidder and Strawn soils have sola less than 40 inches thick and have free carbonates in the C horizon. Lumberton soils formed in loess and the underlying loamy outwash over residuum of limestone. Martinsville soils formed in calcareous, stratified loamy sediments of glacial origin. Ockley soils contain more gravel in the lower solum and are underlain by calcareous gravelly sand and sand. Princeton soils formed in eolian deposits of fine sand and coarse silt and have bands of loamy fine sand and fine sandy loam in the lower solum. Richardville soils formed in as much as 20 inches of loess and the underlying till on till plains. Senachwine soils formed in as much as 18 inches of loess or other silty material and in the underlying calcareous loamy till. Wawaka soils formed in thin loess and the underlying till over outwash on outwash floored till plains.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kanawha soils are on high bottoms and low stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. The soil formed in alluvium derived from interbedded shale, siltstone and sandstone. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 34 to 45 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 48 to 55 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Allegheny, Chagrin, Cotaco, Holly, Huntington, Guyan, Lobdell, Monongahela, Orrville, Pope, and Sensabaugh soils. All of these soils with the exception of Allegheny, Cotaco and Monongahela do not have a argillic horizon. Allegheny and Monongahela soils have lower base saturation and are on higher stream terraces. In addition the Monongahela soils have a fragipan. Chagrin and Pope soils are on flood plains lower in the landscape. Cotaco soils are somewhat poorly drained to moderately well drained and are on footslopes and fans. Holly soils are very poorly drained to poorly drained and are on flood plains. Huntington soils have a mollic epipedon and are on flood plains. Guyan soils are moderately well drained and are on similar landscape positions. Lobdell and Orrville soils are moderately well drained and are on flood plains. Sensabaugh soils are on alluvial fans and along narrow drainageways.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff potential is low to medium. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are mainly used for hay and pasture. Many areas are urbanized.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: West Virginia and Ohio. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kanawha County West Virginia, 1976.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 9 inches (Ap horizon).
b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 16 to 44 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).